L4 - Team Organization and WBS

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• Cryocooling • Cryogenic Sloshing • Tank & line chilldown • Propellant management
Álvaro Romero Calvo, PhD Assistant Professor Georgia Institute of Technology lowgravitylab.ae.gatech.edu alvaro.romerocalvo@gatech.edu Team Roles and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Lecture 4 AE 4321 – Space Systems Capstone Design
3 Announcements ▪ Your colleague Aditya V. Bhairampally (AE freshman, abhairampally 3@gatech.edu) is looking for a team to join the NASA Human Lander Challenge (https ://hulc.nianet.org/). Might complement your RASC-AL LP missions. ▪ Team distribution: ▪ A.W.A.K.E (AIAA VRE) ▪ Cypriot (AIAA VRE) ▪ GenetriX (AIAA VRE) ▪ MINT-E (RASC-AL LP) ▪ SCOUT (RASC-AL LP) ▪ Shadow Wizard Money Gang (ISSNL) ▪ SLEEP (RASC-AL LP) ▪ The Dream Team (ISSNL) ▪ TJSPeople (AIAA-VRE)
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4 What is a project? ▪ A temporary effort or endeavor with specific objective(s) ▪ Most frequently it is a unique effort with defined objectives and limited resources ▪ It has a specific start and end date ▪ It can be divided into project phases
5 How to successfully manage a project? Poorly management Catastrophic management Efficient management To solve this, we add structure…
6 How to successfully manage a project? … and continuous communication!
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OK, but … how do you structure a team? 7
NASA Mission Organization 8 How do we structure a space mission
9 Typical NASA Mission Organizational Chart (PI-led) ▪ No single org chart structure fits every mission ▪ Personnel, schedule, budget, risk, and tradition may influence a mission’s organizational structure ▪ Make an org chart that meets your team’s needs, while ensuring that all critical functions are represented. Material From: AE 4357 Class Notes, 2014 Note this:
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10 Key Leadership Roles NASA Program Office ▪ Writes announcement of opportunity (AO) ▪ Evaluates and selects proposals ▪ Administers program from US Government Agency (NASA) ▪ Provides funding ▪ Conducts reviews and oversight ▪ Issues high-level directives to mission team
11 Key Leadership Roles Principal Investigator (PI) ▪ Accountable to NASA for the success of the mission, with full responsibility for its scientific integrity and for its execution within committed cost and schedule . ▪ Establishes project wide priorities and use of resources ▪ Key spokesperson for the mission, with responsibility to disseminate results to scientific community and general public ▪ Usually, the lead scientist ▪ Often the person who led the proposal effort
12 Key Leadership Roles Project Manager (PM) ▪ Oversees the technical and programmatic implementation of the project ▪ Works closely with the PI in order to ensure that the mission meets its objectives within the allocated resources ▪ Usually advocates/competes for limited resources with other projects at parent institution (often personnel)
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13 Key Leadership Roles Project Systems Engineer (PSE) ▪ Responsible for the systems engineering management of the project ▪ Responsible for requirements development and flowdown ▪ Responsible for configuration control issues and systems interfaces ▪ Responsible for measuring and managing technical and programmatic system margins ▪ Works with discipline leaders to define and implement key system trades
14 Key Leadership Roles Co-Investigators (Co-Is) ▪ Scientists who are responsible for specific investigations that constitute the overall science mission ▪ Could be many Co-Is from many different organizations/institutions ▪ Often responsible for the development and delivery of instruments ▪ Process instrument data and publishes scientific results ▪ Usually comprised of individuals who helped the PI write the proposal
15 Typical Technical Discipline Roles Trajectory Engineer (AE) ▪ Designs trajectory, orbit stabilization, and station keeping plan to meet mission requirements ▪ Uses aerodynamic, propulsion, and mass data to determine required maneuvers for optimized vehicle trajectory ▪ For interplanetary trajectories, estimates trip time, required propellant mass fractions, and maneuvers ▪ If a multi-vehicle constellation, designs constellation establishment, maintenance, repositioning, and disposal plans ▪ Assists with designing science coverage and communication windows based on trajectory ▪ Establishes spacecraft end-of-life disposal plan ▪ Lots of coding
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16 Typical Technical Discipline Roles Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Engineer (AE, EE, CS) Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) Engineer (AE, EE, CS) ▪ Responsible for hardware and software that makes the vehicle follow the desired trajectory ▪ Develops navigation architecture ▪ Selects sensor and actuator complement ▪ Works with other subsystems to meet vehicle pointing requirements ▪ Develops and implements on-board algorithms for targeting, sensor fusion, and control ▪ Develops simulations to test algorithms ▪ Lots of coding ▪ GNC is not part of this course project ▪ ADCS is
17 Typical Technical Discipline Roles There are similar roles for most systems on the spacecraft ▪ Trajectory ▪ GNC/ADCS ▪ Payload/Instrument ▪ Power ▪ Propulsion ▪ Thermal Control System (TCS) ▪ Communication ▪ Command & Data Handling ▪ Thermal Protection System (TPS) ▪ Environmental Control and Life Support (for crewed missions) ▪ Structure ▪ Design & visualization (CAD) And they are deeply interconnected !
Student team organization 18 How will we structure our projects
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19 Two Different Leadership Paradigms Hierarchical Structure ▪ Leader is the “Boss”, leads from “above” ▪ Has authority to reward (e.g. raise salary) and punish (e.g. fire) team members ▪ Does not have to be popular, since authority does not come from teammates ▪ Can make unpopular decisions in the best interests of the team Flat Structure ▪ Leader serves to organize and track progress/issues of project ▪ Requires the support of the team ▪ Does not have reward/punish authority ▪ Needs to be a good diplomat ▪ Helps the team reach consensus on challenging problems
20 Project Management on Student Projects On student projects all management functions will typically be performed by a single individual as Principal Investigator (PI) and Program Manager (PM) ▪ Functions as the “ team leader ” ▪ Responsible for overall validity of the mission and system concept ▪ Organizes team and is aware of each subsystem’s design status ▪ Makes the group work together – TEAM BUILDING ▪ Sets and maintains task and subtask schedules to meet overall deadlines ▪ Resolves technical disputes between team members ▪ Has final decision authority for all project design issues. Leads by example ▪ Primary interface for team with course instructor and TA’s The best team leader is not the loudest or most ambitious person, but the one who is able to coordinate the efforts of team members toward a common goal
21 Matrix of Team Responsibilities ▪ You should create a matrix of listed positions and team members ▪ Each team member should check boxes in the matrix based on their interest and skills ▪ All boxes should be checked at least once to ensure the project functions are adequately staffed ▪ This Matrix of Team Responsibilities should be included in the Team Management component of your first team presentation
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22 Example Team Skills Matrix ▪ Every position should have a Lead Engineer and at least one assistant, with exceptions (see first assignment) ▪ Check to make sure every relevant area is addressed ▪ Check to make sure workload is relatively evenly distributed ▪ Distribute jobs by skills, areas of interest, and needs ▪ This is not a democracy-make choices in the best interest of the team ▪ Specialize on one sub-team: don’t do everything by yourself! Team Member 1 2 3 4 5 6 T Student Manager/PI L 1 Project Systems Engineer (PSE) * L 2 Science Payload Systems Engineer * L 2 Communications L * 2 Trajectory and GNC/ADCS L * 2 Power, Propulsion and Thermal L 1 Structures and Mass Properties * L 2 Software and Onboard Computing * L 2 Spacecraft & Mission Visualization * * L 3 Ground Systems and Operations * L 2 Spacecraft Integration and Testing * L 2 Schedule and Cost L * 2 Total 4 3 4 6 4 3
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23 Team Management Instructions ▪ Organizational Chart ▪ You should include an organization chart that lists every person on your team and a descriptive job title for that person ▪ The job title should be descriptive and representative of the actual responsibilities of the individual ▪ Lines of responsibility and communication should be represented on the chart ▪ Include the Instructor and TAs on the chart as the “Program Office” ▪ A one-paragraph description of your overall team organization and management philosophy should be included with the Org Chart ▪ Matrix of Team Responsibilities ▪ All project functional responsibilities are addressed
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Work Breakdown Structure 24 Keeping things nice and tidy
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25 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) What is a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)? WBS is a hierarchical organization of mission elements WBS serves many functions: ▪ Technical planning ▪ Cost estimation ▪ Resource allocation ▪ Task assignment ▪ Tracking progress
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26 Example WBS: Military Aircraft ▪ Hierarchical structure of related system elements ▪ Can be coordinated with mission requirements if organized properly ▪ Use as many elements as needed … one element for each aspect of your mission ▪ A complete mission WBS constitutes a reference design solution Image: System Engineering Fundamentals , 2001
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27 The NASA Work Breakdown Structure Handbook Page NASA/SP-2016-3404/REV1 NASA Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Handbook January 2018 National Aeronautics and Space Administration https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180000844 2018-11-27T18:41:15+00:00Z • NASA/SP-2016-3404 (Canvas) • Outlines the standard WBS dictionary and best practices • Followed by NASA projects and missions, but applicable to virtually any project • The WBS structures a project following logical subdivisions whose completion can be verified
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28 WBS Levels Entire project Major operational product elements + Key commons Definable subdivisions
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29 NASA Structure Management (NSM) system
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30 Spaceflight Project WBS Template Template and WBS Dictionary ( Appendix C of NASA/SP-2016-3404) Definition of each item available in Appendix C. Check it!
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Álvaro Romero Calvo, PhD Assistant Professor Georgia Institute of Technology lowgravitylab.ae.gatech.edu alvaro.romerocalvo@gatech.edu Questions?
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