week 5
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School
Troy University, Troy *
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Course
4445
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Jun 11, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by AgentCaterpillarPerson783
Week
5
Assignment
:
1.
What is a data structure? (2 credits)
A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it
can be accessed and used efficiently. It refers to the logical or mathematical
representation of data, as well as the implementation in a computer program.
2. Explain primary key, candidate key, secondary key, and foreign key. (8
credits)
Primary Key
:
- A primary key is a field or set of fields in a database table
that
uniquely identifies
each record in the table. It ensures that each record
is unique, meaning no two records can have the same primary key value.
Primary keys are essential for maintaining data integrity and for efficient
storage and retrieval of data.
Candidate Key:
- A candidate key is a set of one or more attributes that can
uniquely identify a record in a database table. It is a potential primary key
candidate and satisfies the uniqueness and minimality requirements. A table
can have multiple candidate keys, and one of them is chosen as the primary
key.
Secondary Key
:- A secondary key is a key that is used for non-primary
purposes in a database table. It does not uniquely identify records, but it can
be used for efficient retrieval of data by creating an
index
on it. Secondary
keys are often created on columns that are frequently used in search or
sorting operations.
Foreign Key:
- A
foreign key
is a field in a database table that establishes a
relationship with a primary key in another table. It helps maintain referential
integrity and enables the implementation of relationships between tables.
Foreign keys are used to enforce data integrity and ensure that the data in
the related tables is synchronized.
3. What are ERDs?
How are
ERDs used? (4 credits)
An entity relationship diagram is a graphical representation of entities such as people, objects
or concepts and how the relate to one another. ERDs are most often used in relational and
dimensional database designs, such as transactional, data warehouse and data mart designs.
4. What are the three functions that every business information system
must carry out, irrespective of system architecture?
(6 credits)
Business information refers to the data and information that is used by organizations to support their operations, make decisions, and achieve their goals. Every business information system must carry out the following
three functions:
1.
Input: This function is responsible for collecting, verifying, and transforming data into a usable format that can be processed by the system. The input process typically involves capturing data from various sources such as manual inputs, barcode scanning, or electronic data transfer.
2.
Processing: This function is responsible for manipulating the data according to specific rules and algorithms. This can include data validation, calculation, sorting, and summarizing. The processing function is where the system adds value to the data by transforming it into meaningful information.
3.
Output: This function is responsible for presenting the processed data in a meaningful and useful format. The output can be in the form of reports, graphs, tables, or other forms of presentation. The goal of the output function
is to provide the information to the users in a way that enables them to make
informed decisions.
These three functions form the core of any business information system and must be present regardless of the system architecture.
5.
Explain the five main network models.
(10 credits)
1.
Local Area Network (LAN): This type of network is designed to connect devices within a limited area, such as a home or office. LANs are typically used for sharing resources like printers and files between computers.
2.
Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, such as a city, state, or country. WANs are typically used to connect multiple LANs together, allowing users in different locations to share resources and communicate with each other.
3.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A MAN is a network that covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. MANs are typically used to connect multiple buildings within a city or town, such as a university campus or a hospital network.
4.
Personal Area Network (PAN): A PAN is a network that connects devices within a person's personal space, such as their smartphone, tablet, and
wearable devices. PANs are typically used for personal communication and data sharing.
5.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): A WLAN is a type of LAN that uses wireless technology to connect devices. WLANs are commonly used in homes,
offices, and public places like airports and cafes
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