Assignment 5
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School
University of Missouri, Columbia *
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Course
8310
Subject
Industrial Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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docx
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Assignment 5 - Operations Management
1. Why is it necessary to document a product explicitly?
(a) It offers the data required to generate the product in the right way, including capacity, training,
routing, expenses, etc.
(b) In the event that the product we make does not function as planned, the documentation serves as
the foundation for identifying and rationally fixing the issues.
4. Once a product is defined, what documents are used to assist production personnel in its
manufacture?
An
assembly drawing
is only a view of the thing taken apart. An assembly drawing is typically an
isometric drawing, which is a three-dimensional picture that illustrates how to construct a unit by
showing the relative locations of the component parts.
The
assembly chart
schematically depicts the steps involved in assembling a product. An assembly chart
may display purchased, manufactured, or a combination of the two types of components.
The
route sheet
details the procedures required to manufacture the component from the material
specified in the bill of material. Each operation to be done on an item will have its own entry on the
route sheet. Process sheets are commonly used when route sheets feature specified techniques of
operation and labor regulations.
The
work order
is an instruction to produce a specific quantity of an item within a specific time frame. A
work order is the ticket that a waiter writes in your favorite restaurant. In a hospital or factory, the work
order is a more formal document that authorizes the drawing of things from inventory, the performance
of certain duties, and the assignment of individuals to accomplish those functions.
A product's specification or accompanying documentation, such as a bill of materials or engineering
drawing, may be altered by
engineering change notices (ECNs).
It's true that no two Boeing 777s are
manufactured exactly alike when it comes to complex products with lengthy manufacturing cycles like
the 777.
5. What is Concurrent Engineering and why is it considered to be adopted by companies?
Ans:
Concurrent engineering
: Simultaneous performance of the various stages of product development.
Concurrent engineering implies speedier product development through simultaneous performance of
the various stages of product development. Often the concept is expanded to include all elements of a
product’s life cycle, from customer requirements to disposal and recycling. Concurrent engineering is
facilitated by teams representing all affected areas (known as cross-functional teams).
7. Describe four organizational approaches to product development. Which of these is generally
thought to be best?
Ans:
1.
Traditional U.S. approach: organization has distinct departments that allow for fixed duties and
responsibilities to exist.
Development department: performs necessary research.
Engineering department: creates product design.
Manufacturing engineering department: designs product capable for production
Production department: produces actual product.
2.
Product managers approach the product development system and related organizations to
"champion" the product.
3.
Teams approach (the most well-known approach), also known as:
Teams for product development
Teams for design for manufacturability
Teams for value engineering
4.
Japanese approach:
Does not divide organizations into research and development, engineering, production,
and so on.
Culture and management styles are more intertwined, rendering individual teams
obsolete.
Organization is less structured than in Western countries.
8. Explain what is meant by robust design.
Ans:
Robust Design:
Robust design means that the product is designed so that small variations in production or assembly do
not adversely affect the product. For instance, Lucent developed an integrated circuit that could be used
in many products to amplify voice signals. As originally designed, the circuit had to be manufactured very
expensively to avoid variations in the strength of the signal. But after testing and analyzing the design,
Lucent engineers realized that if the resistance of the circuit was reduced—a minor change with no
associated costs—the circuit would be far less sensitive to manufacturing variations. The result was a
40% improvement in quality.
9. What are three specific ways in which computer-aided design (CAD) benefits the design engineer?
Ans:
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is used to create, modify, or optimize a specific design. The software
aids in increasing productivity, improving communication, and so on.
1.
CAD makes use of three-dimensional drawing to save time and money by shortening
development cycles for almost all products.
2.
Because of the speed and ease with which sophisticated designs can be manipulated, analyzed,
and modified with CAD, numerous options can be reviewed before final commitments are made.
3.
Faster development, better products, and accurate information flow to other departments all
contribute to CAD's enormous payoff. The payoff is especially significant because the majority of
product costs are determined during the design stage.
14. Explain how the house of quality translates customer desires into product/service attributes.
Ans: House of quality
: One of the quality function deployment Tool for graphically representing the
relationship between a customer's requirement and a company's ability to produce a product. It is a
source for managers to design a product based on customer desires. This tool examines both internal
(company) and external (customer) requirements. During the planning phase, companies use this
graphic data to plan a new product. How does House of Quality turn customer desires into products?
Essentially, there are seven steps of quality house to define relationship. The company identifies
customer needs and determines how much a company can produce and how competitors are meeting
customer needs. After analyzing these steps, the company creates a product that not only meets the
needs of the customer but also competes with other products and provides some value to the company.
For example, A Company wishes to manufacture chocolates.
As a result, to satisfy customers, it
examines consumer needs as well as its own production capacity. It creates a strong relationship
between consumer wants and firm's production attributes with the help of quality house and assigns
them ratings ranging from 5-0. A customer wants an affordable price for chocolate, but the company
charges based on the cost of each chocolate. Here, the company decides what price to charge to satisfy
the customer, and the company benefits. Healthy ingredients and good taste are related to the quality of
ingredients used in chocolate by the company. As a result, the company will select healthy ingredients
such as cocoa, nuts, milk, low-calorie sugar, and so on. In addition, the company must determine the
appropriate weight, quantity, and shape of chocolate, Taste begins when the appetite is satisfied, so it
has a moderate relationship with appetizing appearance and texture. Low prices are also related to
product efficiency. Following that, the company compares its production attributes to those of its
competitor, and finally it evaluates technical attributes by comparing them to market standards.
16. What is a process chain?
Ans:
A process chain is a series of steps that completes an activity, such as building a house, filing taxes,
or making a sandwich. A manufacturer, a service provider, or a customer can all be processing
participants. A process chain is made up of various types of processes.
The start process allows you to specify the start condition of a process chain. All the other processes in
the chain are set to wait for an event. In process chain maintenance, application processes are the actual
work processes that you want to automate. They represent activities that are commonly performed in
the operational use of BW, such as load processes. In process chain management, collection processes
are handled differently. They enable you to combine multiple chain strings into a single string. This
means that the actual work processes only need to be scheduled once. Events that are triggered by a
preceding process to start a subsequent process connect processes.
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18. Think of three products or services that employ:
a) Interchangeability
b) Standardisation
c) Modular design
Ans:
1.
Laptop Computers:
a)
Interchangeability: Interchangeable components such as RAM modules, hard drives, and
batteries.
b)
Standardization: Standardized ports (e.g., USB, HDMI) and operating systems.
c)
Modular Design: Modular components like detachable keyboards and replaceable batteries.
2.
LEGO Building Blocks:
a)
Interchangeability: Interchangeable bricks and components across various LEGO sets.
b)
Standardization: Standardized brick sizes and connection mechanisms.
c)
Modular Design: Modular pieces that can be combined in numerous ways to create
different structures.
3.
Smart Home Devices (e.g., Philips Hue Lighting System):
a)
Interchangeability: Interchangeable smart bulbs and sensors within the Philips Hue
ecosystem.
b)
Standardization: Standardized communication protocols like Zigbee for interoperability.
c)
Modular Design: Modular components such as smart plugs, sensors, and light bulbs that
can be easily integrated and customized within the smart home system.