DiscB10

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School

Johns Hopkins University *

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Course

650

Subject

Industrial Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by CommodoreBoulder10819

Module 10 – Discussion: The Intersection To discuss the human engineering aspects of an incident without attributing blame to individuals, it's important to identify the three types of "users" involved and examine how human limitations and design flaws may have contributed to the incident. The three types of users are typically: Operators: These are the individuals directly interacting with the system, like the drivers of vehicles, machine operators, or pilots. Maintainers : People responsible for maintaining and servicing the system, such as mechanics, technicians, or IT personnel. Managers/Supervisors: Individuals responsible for overseeing and making decisions about the system, like managers, traffic controllers, or dispatchers. Incident: A car crash at a busy intersection resulting in injury. Please see below the human engineering aspects without attributing blame: Actor Human Limitation Explanation Scientific Research References Operator Inattentional Blindness Inattentional blindness refers to the phenomenon where people fail to notice a fully visible, but unexpected object or event when they are focusing their attention on something else. Drivers can experience inattentional blindness, especially at busy intersections. They may focus on obeying traffic signals and checking for oncoming traffic while failing to notice a pedestrian or a vehicle approaching from the side. This limitation can lead to accidents at intersections. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059- 1074. Maintainer Confirmation Bias Maintenance personnel may be prone to confirmation bias, a cognitive bias that leads individuals to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms their preconceptions. When performing maintenance checks, if they have a preconceived notion that a particular component is unlikely to fail, they might overlook potential issues. This bias can result in maintenance lapses, leading to system failures. Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175-220. Manager /Supervisor: Decision- Making Under Stress Managers and supervisors often make critical decisions in high-pressure situations, and under stress, human cognitive processes can become impaired. They may struggle to weigh risks and benefits accurately or make suboptimal decisions. In the case of traffic management at the intersection, a supervisor might make a poor decision regarding the timing of traffic signals under stressful conditions, potentially contributing to accidents. Starcke, K., Brand, M., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2011). Decision making under stress: A selective review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(5), 965-972. I’ve done a bit of determining of human limitations of inattentional blindness, confirmation bias, and decision-making under stress as they relate to the three types of users. By addressing these limitations

and integrating human factors principles into system design and operation, we can reduce the likelihood of incidents like the one at the intersection.

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