International Studies Exam (1) (1)
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Georgia Southern University *
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2130
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Industrial Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Hanifee 1
Shelbi D. Hanifee
Nalanda Roy
INST 2130
09/12/2023
Ramification of Emerging Technology in IR: The Internet
On the 16th of September 1962, John F. Kennedy gave a speech to Rice University's
graduating class in Texas summing up the history of technical advancement. Towards the end of
his speech, he added “now if America’s new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have
literally reached the stars before midnight tonight…” This was a clever point to be made
indicating the technical advancement to which we are vastly improving by. International
Relations has always been strongly influenced by emerging technologies and new innovations.
Technology driven transformations of IR raises a challenge for decision makers, defense, and
security personnel to understand these new systems. It takes ample amount of time to understand
new and upcoming technology but there are challenges that arise like being in front of the trend
while trying to make safe and smart decisions to help boost and improve our relationships with
other nations.
For one example, the third generation of internet users and the first smart phone
generation may have different interpretations of material being posted online. Even though a
short amount of time has passed, technological advancements have improved so individuals
viewing policies and politics online will develop different opinions. This could create major IR
problems within the diplomatic relationships between the countries. For example, different
generations viewed e-political mobilizations like the Arab Spring revolutions, “occupy”
movement and the 2016 anti-Trump events differently and developed a bias opinion predicated
Hanifee 2
on it. As technology continues to rapidly develop at an immeasurable pace and information
spreads like wildfire, it is in the nation's best interest to practice caution against information
being posted online.
Works Cited
Danilin, Ivan V. “Emerging Technologies and Their Impact on International Relations and
Global Security.” Hoover Institution, 2018,
www.hoover.org/research/emerging-technologies-
and-their-impact-international-relations-and-global-security
.
“Introduction: Artificial Intelligence and Other Emerging Technologies.” Artificial
Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in International Relations, June 2021, pp. 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811234552_0001
.
Hanifee 3
Shelbi D. Hanifee
Nalanda Roy
INST 2130
09/12/2023
Understanding IR and Human Behavior: The Correlation Between
We as humans are social creatures of life. So, understanding each other is a task that
requires the process of socialization which one may say improves the chance of survival.
People’s tendencies or actions vary regardless of the behaviors they display to others. This
behavior will show their state of mind that may be appropriate under certain circumstances but
not to others. People who genuinely want to better their government and create bonds with other
counties take an interest in International Relations. They do so because they believe in making
the world a better place by having nations develop agreements with one another and sharing
resources to stimulate growth within their economies. Like people working together on a project,
nations communicate through agreements to work together, share goods and trades, and support
one another when disasters strike.
Countries that have good relations with each other tend to share information between
themselves that helps spark new innovations and inventions. International relations even create
conditions for diplomacy for developing countries helping them when they ask for assistance.
International Relations have been known to improve material such as democracy, the rule of law,
human rights, and equality through one means or another. The nation is represented by
individuals all the time and they are selected for a reason to improve their perspective nation. By
understanding human behavior, one may be capable of predicting how the representative of the
nation will act towards others in the name of the people.
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Hanifee 4
Works Cited
Lleshi, Gladiola. “10 Reasons Why International Relations Are Important.” International
Relations Careers, 27 Jan. 2022, internationalrelationscareers.com/issues/reasons-why-
international-relations-are-important/.
“Understanding Others: Why Is It So Important?” Exploring Your Mind, 23 Nov. 2020,
exploringyourmind.com/understanding-others-why-is-it-so-important/.
Hanifee 5
Shelbi D. Hanifee
Nalanda Roy
INST 2130
09/12/2023
Prescence of ‘Smart Power’ in International Relations
A few centuries ago, a political theorist by the name of Niccolo Machiavelli posed a
question determining whether or not it is better to be loved or feared as a leader. I ponder that
question when I think about the use of hard vs soft power in the world of International Relations.
Why not utilize both? The use of smart power is the balance of hard and soft power to build
effective strategies within nations. Hard power is about utilizing the brute physical capacity of
one’s nation against another instilling obedience and control. Sanctions are also physical
examples of hard power being placed in other counties allowing us to slowly integrate with one
another and improve one’s relationship.
Rather than utilizing physical prowess the use of soft power is better known to be rooted
in communications and good faith. For example, incentivizing the use of trades in goods and
services that benefit both nations rather than conflict. Influence is another docket underneath soft
power, communicating through mutual ground. In hindsight, it becomes apparent to which power
is predicated off an institutional setting vs the application in the field. The use of one power
would not be sufficient in benefiting one’s government due to other nations having opposing
opinions. So, the use of Smart power is the only viable option to take to improve the
relationships between nations.
Works Cited
Hanifee 6
Study.com, 2022, study.com/learn/lesson/power-international-relations-types-
examples.html.
Copeland, Daryl. “Hard Power vs. Soft Power | the Mark.” Web.archive.org, 1 May 2012,
web.archive.org/web/20120501050956/www.themarknews.com/articles/895-hard-power-vs-soft-
power.
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Hanifee 7
Shelbi D. Hanifee
Nalanda Roy
INST 2130
09/12/2023
The 75
th
Anniversary of the UN: What is the Relevance?
The United Nations celebrated their 75
th
anniversary in 2020 in the height of a global
pandemic. COVID-19 exacerbated resources and stressed the limitations of services provided by
their government. The UN during their anniversary discussed how to reform and strengthen their
relationship with one another to address a variety of changes. The reform the UN proposed has
been on their schedule since the organization's inception in 1945 to be more inclusive,
transparent, and effective. The first initial change was to establish an international anti-virus task
group to guarantee access to current and new virus vaccines for all countries. The second change
was to create a proper preventative measure needed to be created to avoid the same mistakes that
we have made in the past. A new international strategy was placed into action to protect the
biodiversity and ecosystems for their counties and others that cannot afford to do.
Lastly, an early warning notification system to alert all UN members in the event of new
and upcoming pandemics or disasters by sharing relevant information. COVID-19 was the first
pandemic that demonstrated the lack of preparedness for the world and the UN. It showed them a
common ground to which all could improve on and enacted national response to protect the
biodiversity of the world.
Works Cited
Hanifee 8
“The UN at Seventy-Five: How to Make It Relevant Again.” Cfr.org, 14 Sept. 2020,
www.cfr.org/article/un-seventy-five-how-make-it-relevant-again
.
Nations, United. “UN 75th Anniversary.” United Nations, 2020, www.un.org/en/un75.