U.S Airway Flight 1549
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Feb 20, 2024
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U.S Airway Flight 1549
In 2009, Flight 1549 experienced nearly complete lost of thrust when a flock of geese struck into the aircraft. Unable to return to any airports the flight ended up safely landing in the Hudson. There were no deaths only a few minor injuries. This flight accident is used many times as examples of great CRM in an emergency. A320, vicinity LaGuardia New York USA, 2009 | SKYbrary Aviation Safety
. (n.d.). Skybrary.aero. Retrieved January 26, 2024, from https://skybrary.aero/accidents-and-incidents/a320-vicinity-laguardia-new-york-usa-2009
Flight 1549 This flight was like any other routine flight. “The flight was en route to Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT), North Carolina, USA, and departed LaGuardia runway 04 at 15:24. At this time, the first officer was the pilot flying (PF), and the captain was the pilot monitoring (PM). The takeoff and initial portion of the climb were uneventful”. Flight 1549 continued to communicate normally with ATC and was given the ok to climb to 15,000 ft but at 2,818 ft they were hit by geese and lost all thrust. Ranter, H. (n.d.). ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-214 N106US Weehawken, NJ [Hudson River, NY]
. Aviation-
Safety.net. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090115-0
Details of Flight 1549 Accident
There was a lot of scrutiny originally towards the captain and first officer soon after because no one at the time understood why land the plane in the Hudson River instead of returning to an airport? Until further investigation it was realized why this was the best course of action. “
The ingestion of large birds into each engine, which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines and the subsequent ditching on the Hudson River”. Ranter, H. (n.d.). ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-214 N106US Weehawken, NJ [Hudson River, NY]
. Aviation-
Safety.net. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090115-0
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Additional accident details
“
Contributing to the survivability of the accident was (1) the decision-making of the flight crewmembers and their crew resource management during the accident sequence; (2) the fortuitous use of an airplane that was equipped for an extended overwater flight, including the availability of the forward slide/rafts, even though it was not required to be so equipped; (3) the performance of the cabin crew members while expediting the evacuation of the airplane; and (4) the proximity of the emergency responders to the accident site and their immediate and appropriate response to the accident." After much investigation this accident was viewed as a success all things considered, the pilots did everything they were trained to do and more. That is why this accident is highly regarded by many and used as a teaching opportunity. Ranter, H. (n.d.). ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-214 N106US Weehawken, NJ [Hudson River, NY]
. Aviation-Safety.net. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090115-
0
The Captain of Flight 1549
Captain Chelsey Sullenberger was in charge of this flight and is now quite a popular figure in the pilot world. “The captain, age 57, was hired by Pacific Southwest Airlines on February 25, 1980.16 Before this, he flew McDonnell Douglas F-4 airplanes for the U.S. Air Force. At the time of the accident, he held a single- and multi-engine airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate, issued August 7, 2002, with type ratings in A320, Boeing 737, McDonnell Douglas DC-9, Learjet, and British Aerospace AVR-146 airplanes. The captain held a first-class Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman medical certificate, dated December 1, 2008, with no limitations”. As seen here Captain Sullenberger was a well trained pilot and had an extensive flight history.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
Captain of Flight 1549
Captain Sullenberger had a great amount of experience as well, many say the accident of Flight 1549 and everyone on board do not survive if he is not in the left seat. He was and still a textbook example to pilots on how to fly and act. “According to US Airways records, the captain had accumulated 19,663 total flight hours, including 8,930 hours as pilot-in-command, 4,765 hours of which were in A320 airplanes. He had flown 155, 83, 39, and 5 hours in the 90, 60, and 30 days, and 24 hours, respectively, before the accident flight”.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
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First Officer of Flight 1549
The first officer of U.S airways flight 1549 was Jeff Skiles. He was also critical to the survival and success after the bird strike. “The first officer, age 49, was hired by US Airways on April 7, 1986. At the time of the accident, he held a multiengine ATP certificate, issued December 31, 2008, with type ratings in A320,18 Boeing 737, and Fokker 100 airplanes. The first officer held a first-class FAA airman medical certificate, dated October 7, 2008, with the limitation that he “must wear corrective lenses.” The first officer stated during postaccident interviews that he was wearing corrective lenses at the time of the accident”.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
First Officer of Flight 1549
First officer Skiles was also well experienced, accumulating a good of hours under his belt. “According to US Airways records, the first officer had accumulated 15,643 total flight hours, including 8,977 hours as second-in-command (SIC). The first officer had 37 hours in A320 airplanes, all as SIC. He had flown 124, 55, 37, and 5 hours in the 90, 60, and 30 days, and 24 hours, respectively, before the accident flight”.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
Aircraft Maintenance
The aircrafts maintenance was nothing out of the ordinary before the accident, the aircraft was also relatively new for aircraft standards being only around 10 years old. “The manufacture of the accident airplane was completed by June 15, 1999. The airplane was delivered new to US Airways and was put on its Part 121 operating certificate on August 3, 1999. At the time of the accident, the airplane had accumulated 25,241 total flight hours and 16,299 total cycles.21 The airplane’s last major maintenance inspection was conducted when the airplane had accumulated 24,912 flight hours”.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
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Causal Factors
The factors that caused this flight are really only from one thing, all of the flight issues stem from the bird strike around 3,000 ft. “Both engines were operating normally until they each ingested at least two large birds (weighing about 8 pounds each), one of which was ingested into each engine core, causing mechanical damage that prevented the engines from being able to provide sufficient thrust to sustain flight”.
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf
NTSB conclusion
After going through all the data and information recovered from flight voice recorder, flight date, recovering the aircraft from the Hudson the NTSB came to a conclusion about Flight 1549. “The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the ingestion of large birds into each engine, which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines and the subsequent ditching on the Hudson River. Contributing to the fuselage damage and resulting unavailability of the aft slide/rafts were (1) the Federal Aviation Administration’s approval of ditching certification without determining whether pilots could attain the ditching parameters without engine thrust, (2) the lack of industry flight crew training and guidance on ditching techniques, and (3) the captain’s resulting difficulty maintaining his intended airspeed on final approach due to the task saturation resulting from the emergency situation”.
A320, vicinity LaGuardia New York USA, 2009 | SKYbrary Aviation Safety
. (n.d.). Skybrary.aero. https://skybrary.aero/accidents-and-incidents/a320-vicinity-laguardia-new-york-usa-2009
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Video of the landing into the Hudson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztKwI6KOHjM
Reference Page
A320, vicinity LaGuardia New York USA, 2009 | SKYbrary Aviation Safety
. (n.d.). Skybrary.aero. https://skybrary.aero/accidents-and-incidents/a320-vicinity-laguardia-new-york-usa-2009
NTSB. (2009). National Transportation Safety Board
. https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1003.pdf