05-02_task (2)

U.S. History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 Name: Hudson Daniel Date: 11/8/23 School: Benjamin Russell Facilitator: Mrs. Freeman 5.02 Cold War (65 Points) Directions: Use the materials from the lesson to help you answer the questions below. The Cold War Erupts 1. Summarize in general terms what the Cold War was all about. When was it, which key players were involved, what beliefs or ideologies were at stake, etc.? (5 points) Write your response below: The Cold War was a prolonged geopolitical and ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. It revolved around the clash of capitalism (U.S.) and communism (USSR), with both superpowers vying for global influence. The conflict involved an arms race, proxy wars, espionage, and propaganda. It ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, solidifying the victory of the Western democratic model. 2. There are both long and short term causes of the Cold War. Complete the various causes of the Cold War in the appropriate boxes below. (1 point each blank = 6 points total) Long-term Causes Short-term Causes  Western (U.S.) opposition to communist governments  Hostility between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the cold war  Americans feared a communist takeover at home (Red Scare)  Soviets angered over delay to open a second front in the war that would have relieved the Soviets.  Business leaders feared the consequences of a politically driven Red scare .  Stalin failed to act quickly on promises to help the U.S. establish … contributed to mistrust between the nations  Soviet creation of puppet states in Eastern Europe/refusal to withdraw Soviet troops  Differences in ideology- democracy v. communism

U.S. History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 3. Why did Stalin feel compelled to create puppet states in Eastern Europe? (3 points) Stalin created puppet states in Eastern Europe to enhance Soviet security, spread communism, and exert control over these nations to serve Soviet interests. 4. Explain what Winston Churchill’s phrase “an iron curtain had descended across the continent” means in relation to the Cold War. (5 points) Write your response below: Winston Churchill's phrase "an iron curtain had descended across the continent" referred to the symbolic and physical separation between Western Europe, under the influence of the United States, and Eastern Europe, controlled by the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War. It emphasized the growing divide and isolation between the two blocs. Containment and the Marshall Plan 5. Describe the containment policy. (3 points) Write your response below: The containment policy was a U.S. strategy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism and the influence of the Soviet Union by containing it within its existing boundaries. It involved military deterrence, economic aid, political efforts, and proxy conflicts to counter the spread of communism. 6. What were the ideals of the Truman Doctrine? (3 points) Write your response below: The Truman Doctrine aimed to contain communism by providing political, economic, and military support to countries threatened by communism. It emphasized democracy, self-determination, and assistance to "free peoples" resisting outside pressure or armed minorities. It marked a commitment to prevent the spread of communism and set the stage for active U.S. global involvement during the Cold War.

U.S. History II © ACCESS Virtual Learning 2022 11. What was Stalin’s goal with the Berlin Blockade? (2 points) Stalin's goal with the Berlin Blockade was to pressure the Western Allies to abandon their plans for a separate West German state and to gain control over West Berlin by blocking its access routes. This led to the Berlin Airlift and contributed to the division of Germany. 12. How did the U.S. respond? (2 points) The U.S. responded to the Berlin Blockade with the Berlin Airlift, a massive effort to supply West Berlin by air. It demonstrated determination, cooperation with allies, a humanitarian focus, and ultimately succeeded in maintaining access to the city. The airlift was a pivotal moment in the early Cold War. 13. Discuss the effects the blockade had on society. (5 points) Write your response below: The Berlin Blockade brought economic hardship to West Berlin but also fostered resilience and unity among its people. It deepened Cold War tensions, contributed to the division symbolized by the Berlin Wall, and solidified the importance of Western Allied support for the city's freedom. 14. Explain how and why NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed. (5 points) Write your response below: NATO was formed in 1949 in response to the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union and the need to deter the spread of communism in post-World War II Europe. It was a collective defense alliance designed to provide mutual security and promote transatlantic cooperation. 15. How did membership for the US signal a shift in American foreign policy? (5 points) Write your response below: The United States' membership in NATO signified a shift in American foreign policy by embracing collective security, committing to a permanent alliance, and adopting a more active global role, departing from traditional non-interventionist policies. It marked a response to the challenges of the Cold War and the need to counter the Soviet threat.