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HIS 100 Project By: Ambrasha Mask Part 1: Creating a Research Question Describe how your assumptions, beliefs, and values influenced your choice of topic. My assumptions, beliefs, and values have a major impact on how I interpret, feel, and react to certain things. These were the very things that influenced my choice of topic. I have personally experienced and witnessed what an economic decline, financial hardships, and poverty can do to someone. Inflation had begun to increase after holding for 40 yrs. So did the cost of living. People, including myself, went hungry to feed their children, traded their vehicles for bikes as gas prices were outrages, people were on the verge of evictions as there were sudden hikes in rent, and that was just the least of our worries and there seemed to be no relief in sight. We were on our way to another global crisis it seemed, and I assumed that it was due to something our government had messed up, because in my past experiences they were usually behind things like this. Discuss the significance of your historical research question in relation to your current event. I wanted to Know how we had gotten to this point, what the “government” had done to cause this, why, and what could be done to cushion these horrific circumstances that we were experiencing. As I looked at what was happening at the start of the economic decline the current event that stuck out the most was Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Focusing on this event I began to wonder how a war that nothing had to do with us and was taking place clear across the globe could have such a drastic impact on our economy. So of course, I wanted a more in-depth look into the why and how, so I chose the topic area of Globalization. Globalization is the process by which people and goods move 1
easily across borders and with this concept in mind I came up with my original research question, which read as follows: How does Globalization affect business strategy? Explain how you used sources to finalize your research question. Primary sources: Caldara, D. (n.d.). The Effect of the War in Ukraine on Global Activity and Inflation. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2022, fromhttps://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/the-effect-of-the-war-in- ukraine-on-global-activity-and-inflation-20220527.html#:%7E:text=The%20increased %20geopolitical%20risks%20induced,central%20banks%20around%20the%20world htmlRussia’s War in Ukraine: Identity, History, and Conflict. (n.d.). Center for Strategic andInternational Studies. Retrieved September 20, 2022, fromhttps://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-war-ukraine-identity-history-and-conflict3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Formula and How to Use It. (2022, July 29). Investopedia.Retrieved September 20, 2022, fromhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp#:%7E:text=Gross%20domestic %20product%20(GDP)%20is,a%20given%20country’s%20economic%20health. Secondary sources: conflictInflation: Prices on the Rise. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2022, fromhttps://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/30-inflation.htm#: %7E:text=Inflation%20is%20the%20rate%20of,of%20living%20in%20a %20country.Wikipedia contributors. (2022b, September 19). Vladimir Putin. Wikipedia. Retrieved September20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_PutinWikipedia contributors. (2022c, September 20). NATO. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 20,2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATOTop Risks 2022: The Bottom Line for Business. 2
(2022, February 4). KPMG. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2022, fromhttps://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2022/01/top-risks-2022-the-bottom-line-for- business.html A historical event that could be applied to my current event is the fall of the Soviet Union. In my source, (nytimes.com, 2022), provided a timeline for the history of the tensions between Ukraine and Russia. The source stated that in 1991 Ukraine declared its independence and an accord was signed dissolving the Soviet Union. It also states Ukraine began to transition to a market economy and comes to possess a significant number of nuclear weapons belonging to the Soviet Union. (Walker, 2022) talks about how Putin felt he was watching one of the largest and most powerful empires the world had ever seen unravel in the most pathetic and humiliating way. Putin stated, “I had the feeling that the country was no more and that had a sense for some time that the collapse of Soviet power in Europe was inevitable. “But I wanted something different to rise in its place. And nothing different was proposed. That’s what hurt. They just dropped everything and went away.” the federal reserve government stated how the war between Russia and Ukraine, referred to as geopolitical risks, has exerted a drag on the global economy and pushed up inflation. Commodity markets are in turmoil and financial markets have been volatile since the start of this conflict. The article is based on how these risks such as this war are transmitted to the global economy. My primary and secondary sources challenged the focus of my original question as it proved it to be too broad and I needed to narrow my scope. These issues were the reasoning behind the exploration of other sources and the revision of my original research question. I decided to implement these other sources and the current event to narrow the previous question 3
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to: How did the Russian invasion of Ukraine effect the well-being of the economy globally. The historical perspective and evidence from sources influenced my finalized research question because I wanted to gain a more in-depth understanding of how war can impact an economy. I wanted to know how specifically in current events the war between Russia and Ukraine has managed to disrupt our economy. Part 2: Building Context to Address Questions Describe the context of your historical event that influenced your current event. Before its’ the Soviet Union had stood nearly half a century as one of the two lodes of global power during the Cold War. In 1991 the Soviet Union was dissolved, and Russia began to lose its’ relevance and was replaced by 15 independent countries, with one of those being Ukraine. During this time Russian officials replaced Mikhail Gorbachev with Yanayev as president. These officials did this by holding Gorbachev and his family against their wills until Moscow implemented the change. Strikes and demonstrations were banned, and censorship was imposed under Yanayev’s rule. The dictatorship rule collapsed Soviet communism and deemed the Soviet weak. This collapse re-ignited the long-term power struggle and introduced a young KGB lieutenant colonel by the name of Vladimir Putin. Describe a historical figure or group’s participation in your historical event. At the end of the Soviet control in Europe crowds began overrunning the offices of the East German secret police and the KGB headquarters. Putin called for backup to protect employees and sensitive files that were hidden inside, but his call for help went 4
unanswered. He then went outside and lied to the crowds and said there were heavily armed men inside who would shoot anyone who dared to enter, and this worked as the mob dispersed and the files on informers and agents remained safe. Putin felt he watched one of the largest and most powerful empires unravel in the most pathetic and humiliating way possible and this led to the start of his political career. Explain the historical figure or group’s motivation to participate in your historical event . Putin saw everything he was loyal to fall apart and the chaos that followed. The West was blamed by many Russians including Putin for the collapse. The West had intentions on stabilizing Russia and helping it emerge with a vibrant economy and democracy. Russia believes that NATO plans to undermine the leaders of the Kremlin. Part 3: Examining How Bias Impacts Narrative Describe a narrative you identified while researching the history of your historical event. The first narrative that I came across while researching my historical event was that of Putin’s narrative based around his traumatic experience during the event. For example, he stated he watched one of the largest and most powerful empires unravel in the most pathetic and humiliating way possible and this led to the start of his political career. This was very important as I wanted to understand why he chose to do something so drastic as invading Ukraine. The second was that of Russia. The fact that Russia blamed the West for the Soviet’s collapse and its’ problems during the collapse gave me a more in-depth look into how we got to the current event of the invasion of Ukraine. Articulate how biased perspectives presented in primary and secondary sources influence what is known or unknown about history. 5
A potentially biased source has the potential to only show one side of an experience. In my previous narratives addressed above could provoke a researcher to show bias toward individuals against the Soviet structure. In research from History.com Editors … (2022), it talks about how the Communist party militants and government placed the then president, Gorbachev, under house arrest for “inability for health reasons”, to lead which was just a ploy to replace him with a figure that aligned more with their causes for dominance. According to the source (Wikipedia contributors, 2022b), it shows information from polls taken from Soviet enthusiasts. The claims made by these groups were that the fall of the Soviet resulted in harsh living conditions for the general population, humiliation and betrayal was experienced due to the upheaval of advisors from Western powers, especially when NATO moved closer into Russia’s sphere of influence. Distrust and cruelty increased, threat home feeling in any part of USSR was lost, and connections between friends and families were weakened or lost. Identify the perspectives that you think are missing from your historical event’s narrative. The perspectives that are missing or seem to be few from the fall of the Soviet Union are from people who had a more negative experience with the era. I would have liked to read about how those people saw the fall. I would have like to see narratives from those who might have been pro Soviet, but later changed their opinions as this would give me a better understanding of the issues that may have influenced them to change their current values, beliefs, and assumptions. Or show if their change in narrative was from them choosing to become a more historically informed citizen and search for a better outcome to their nation. I would have also liked to have seen more narratives from regular citizens ranging from different races and ages as well as there would have been different views 6
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from different classes and races. Part 4: Connecting the Past With the Present Explain how researching its historical roots helped improve your understanding of your current event. While examining my current event from a historical perspective I came across the topic of the fall of the Soviet Union. As we look at the theme of both events it seems to boil down to power struggles and the trend relates to territories. I concluded this as I obtained more insight as to why Putin and Russia felt the invasion of Ukraine was necessary and why they opposed the West so much. The background portrayed Ukraine as the cornerstone of the Soviet Union and an archrival of the US at one point. It was extremely vital to the Union which made its decision to sever ties in 1991 damning for the already ailing Superpower. Russia believes its identity and vision for itself in the world highly depend on Ukraine due to it sharing deep cultural, economic, and political bonds with Ukraine. The collapse caused many Russian politicians to view the split as a mistake of history and a threat to Russia’s standing as a great power and many thought losing a permanent hold on Ukraine and it falling into Western orbit would be seen as a major blow to Russia’s international prestige. As Putin wants to restore this great power to the Russia he once knew and loved he seeks to destabilize Ukraine and annex Western influence as they threaten to weaken his autocratic regime in Russia and destroy his hopes of rebuilding a Russia-led sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. This helps us understand the views of Russia as they a strong hold of their history and use it as strategy. 7
Articulate how questioning your assumptions, beliefs, and values may benefit you as an individual. As I am now aware that our assumptions, beliefs, and values help mold who we are and how we interpret information. Questioning my own assumptions, beliefs, and values will help me become more aware of biases that I might have. As a researcher it is important that we do not want to show prejudice against over another as this can cause a narrow outlook on a topic. It is important to have a broad view of a topic to get a better understanding of the overall issues. Discuss how being a more historically informed citizen may help you understand contemporary issues. For us to better understand the world we live in we must study and understand the history of it. It is important to understand the linkages between the past and present are the basis for the condition of being human. As we like to say, “history repeats itself, but with historic and current themes and trends I can hopefully prevent past mistakes from being repeated. Being historically informed will affect the way I vote and possibly reform my morals, values, and beliefs as the times change. Warning signs may even become clearer and may even promote a stronger national identity. References 8
History.com Editors. (2022, April 19). Collapse of the Soviet Union . HISTORY. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fall-of-soviet-union How Russian history—and human psychology—can explain the crisis in Ukraine . (2022, February 23). Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved October 20, 2022, from https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty- research/policy-topics/international-relations-security/how-russian-history-and-human Inside occupied Ukraine: A photographer’s firsthand account . (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2022/ukraine-occupied-life-photos/ Personal Narrative: Life Before The Collapse Of The Soviet. . . | Bartleby . (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Personal-Narrative-Life-Before-The-Collapse-Of- PJHXW4S8F5B Russia’s War in Ukraine: Identity, History, and Conflict . (n.d.). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-war-ukraine-identity- history-and-conflict Russia’s War on Ukraine: Six Months of Lies, Implemented . (2022, September 1). United States Department of State. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from https://www.state.gov/disarming- disinformation/russias-war-on-ukraine-six-months-of-lies-implemented/ The State of Globalization in 2022 . (2022, April 12). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved September 11, 2022, from https://hbr.org/2022/04/the-state-of-globalization-in-2022 Walker, S. (2022, February 28). How the Soviet Union’s Fall Pushed Putin to Try and Recapture Russia’s Global Importance . HISTORY. Retrieved October 20, 2022, from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/news/vladimir-putin-russia-power Why is it important to study history? (2017, May 25). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmtMpQAIKjQ Wikipedia contributors. (2022b, September 12). Nostalgia for the Soviet Union . Wikipedia. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union Wikipedia contributors. (2022c, September 19). Vladimir Putin . Wikipedia. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin Wikipedia contributors. (2022d, September 20). NATO . Wikipedia. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO 9
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