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Passage 1 is adapted from Albert Beveridge, "The March of the Flag," 16 September 1898. Passage 2 is adapted from the American Anti-Imperialist League, "The Policy of Imperialism," 17 October 1899. After defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War, America took possession of the Philippines; however, the Filipino people rejected U.S. control, which resulted in a brutal guerrilla war. Lin e 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Passage 1 It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a history whose key-note was struck by the Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen who flung the boundaries of the republic out into unexplored lands and savage wilderness; a history of soldiers who carried our flag across the blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of multiplying people who overran a continent in half a century; a history of prophets who saw the consequences of evils inherited from the past and of martyrs who died to save us from them; a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous reasoning we find ourselves today. Hawaii is ours; Puerto Rico is to be ours; at the prayer of the people, Cuba will finally be ours; in the islands of the East, even to the gates of Asia, coaling stations are to be ours; at the very least, the flag of a liberal government is to float over the Philippines, and I pray God it may be the banner that Taylor unfurled in Texas and Fremont carried to the coast—the stars and stripes of glory. The march of the flag! Distance and oceans are no arguments. The fact that all the territory our fathers bought and seized is contiguous is no argument….The ocean does not separate us from lands of our duty and desire—the oceans join us, a river never to be dredged, a canal never to be repaired. But today we are raising more than we can consume. Today we are making more than we can use. Today our industrial society is congested; there are more workers than there is work; there is more capital than there is investment. We do not need more money—we need more circulation, more employment. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital; new work for our labor. And so, while we did not need the territory taken during the past century at the time it was acquired, we do need what we have taken in 1898, and we need it now. We cannot fly from our world duties; it is ours to execute the purpose of a fate that has driven us to be greater than our small intentions. We cannot retreat from any soil where Providence has unfurled our banner; it is ours to save that soil for liberty and civilization. The flag must henceforth be the symbol and the sign to all mankind—the flag! Passage 2 We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs. The United States has always protested against the doctrine of international law, which permits the subjugation of the weak by the strong. A self-governing state cannot accept sovereignty over an unwilling people. The United States cannot act upon the ancient heresy that might makes right. We deny that the obligation of all citizens to support their Government in times of grave National peril applies to the present situation. If an Administration may with impunity ignore the issues upon which it was chosen, deliberately create a condition of war anywhere on the face of the globe, debauch the civil service for spoils to promote the adventure, organize a truth-suppressing censorship and demand of all citizens a suspension of judgment and their unanimous support while it chooses to continue the fighting, representative government itself is imperiled.

55 60 We hold, with Abraham Lincoln, that "no man is good enough to govern another man without that other's consent." When a man "governs himself, that is self-government, but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government— that is despotism." The United States relies on the "love of liberty which God has planted in us. Our defense is in the spirit which prizes liberty as the heritage of all men in all lands. Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves, and under a just God cannot long retain it." 1. What is Beveridge's central claim in Passage 1? A America has a responsibility to ensure that democracy reigns throughout the world. B The Philippines will provide much work, many investments, and new markets for America. C Acquiring lands in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Asia, and the Philippines was a result of fate. D America has a duty to protect and expand the boundaries of the country. 2. As used in Line 23 , "capital" most nearly means A wealth. B stock. C resources. D government. 3. In Passage 1, Beveridge makes which point about possession of the Philippines? A America has a duty to protect the Philippines from seizure by undemocratic governments. B America's acquisition of the Philippines is necessary for its own economy to prosper. C America's distance from the Philippines is an important factor in the decision to maintain possession. D

present a noble figure as a model of democracy for the Filipino people. C underscore the importance of not losing sight of America's founding beliefs. D challenge Filipino citizens to protest the United States' possession of the Philippines. 8. As used in Line 51 , "spoils" most nearly refers to A unlawful gains. B accumulated gifts. C damaged goods. D discarded material. 9. In the context of each passage as a whole, the references to God in Line 2 and Line 14 of Passage 1 and Lines 58-60 of Passage 2 primarily function to help each speaker A cast doubt on the other's honesty. B scrutinize the other's beliefs. C reproach the other's ignorance. D undermine the other's argument. 10. Which choice best states the relationship between the two passages? A Passage 2 illustrates the financial implications of an argument made in Passage 1. B Passage 2 takes issue with the primary argument of Passage 1. C Passage 2 provides a historical context for the perspective offered in Passage 1. D Passage 2 elaborates on several ideas that are implied in Passage 1. 11. Beveridge would most likely have reacted to Lines 48-49 ("We…situation") of Passage 2 with

A ambivalence, because he feels that the outcome of the war in the Philippines is in the hands of fate. B agreement, because he feels that the Filipino people have a right as U.S. citizens to oppose the government. C dismay, because he feels that the Filipino people have a duty to support the United States in times of war. D disagreement, because he feels that the acquisition of the Philippines is necessary to preserve liberty.