CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity B Cooper

CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity History of Policing in America Describe major policing events or evolutions in American policing during each era. Write three or more sentences in each cell where a response is required. American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries The North: The Watch  Began in Boston in 1936  Other factions began in New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700.  Not as effective  Made up of men attempting to avoid military service.  They were often drunk while on patrol The Urban Experience  Legislation began after the Flour Riots and the Anti-Abolition Riots.  Established in New York and resembles a police force that we have today.  Boston and New York attempted to imitate London’s policing.  Although officers were viewed as government officials, it was not until the 1880s that major cities established their own police forces. Policing from 1900 to 1960  In this time, organized crime was highly prevalent.  The Reform Era began in 1932 after President Roosevelt was elected to office.  This Era focused on dividing policing from politics while also building a nonpartisan police force.  The goal was to stop corruption and to reorganize the operations in the police force.  The FBI was created in 1908 in an assist to fight organized crime.

American Policing: The Colonial Experience American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries The South: Slave Patrols and Codes  To capture and return escaped slaves, the slave patrols were created.  The began in 1704 in the Carolina colonies.  They were also used to control the slave uprisings and acted as a justice system for the slaves accused of committing offenses against their owners.  These patrols ended after the Civil War.  After the Civil War in 1865, slaves were held to the “Black Codes.”  These codes limited the rights of black people, such as jobs held and ability to leave a job once hired. The Southern Experience  Jim Crow laws segregated the Blacks and Whites.  It remained in effect until the 1960s.  These laws determined where African Americans could live, work, shop, eat, sit, stand, etc.  It was meant to keep control on former slaves, since they were seen as “less than” or “animals”.  When they broke these laws, African Americans were beaten mercilessly by police. Policing in the 1960s and 1970s  Communities were more involved in solving and preventing crime.  This was known as the Community Era.  Police became focused on giving back to the community.  The policed on a local level.  Police connected with their neighborhoods to deal with concerns about racial justice and the rise in crime rates. No response required The Frontier Experience  There were Sheriffs and Marshalls who were chosen by town leaders.  They had a difficult time maintaining control over the towns due to outlaws.  There was a lot of chaos because of drunken gunfights.  Theft was not uncommon.  In 1836, the Texas Rangers were established after Texas gained its independence from Mexico.  They were meant to restore order and protect citizens. Policing in the 1980s and 1990s  The number of crimes escalated tremendously during this time frame.  Policing became difficult.  Crack became an epidemic.  In 1994, the Violent Crime and Law Enforcement Act was established.  Money was given to this act for funding officers, prisons, and crime prevention programs. No response required No response required Policing in the 2000s  Policing was more military force rather than community-based.  Riots were not uncommon due to actions of

enforcement. Police1. https://www.police1.com/crime- prevention/articles/how-the-90s- changed-the-future-of-law- enforcement-YR02YdrfoAipY6W2/ Longley, R. (2020, July 13). The History of Modern Policing. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history- of-modern-policing-974587 The Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws | National Geographic Society. (n.d.).

https://education.nationalgeographic.or g/resource/black-codes-and-jim- crow-laws/ Wells, M. (2017, September 28). How the ‘90s changed the future of law enforcement. Police1. https://www.police1.com/crime- prevention/articles/how-the-90s- changed-the-future-of-law- enforcement-YR02YdrfoAipY6W2/ Longley, R. (2020, July 13). The History of Modern Policing. ThoughtCo.