Analysis Essay Outline fg (1)
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Modesto Junior College *
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Date
Dec 6, 2023
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Uploaded by UltraRock12803
Analysis P-E-A Chain Outline
This outline will help you organize the research and document analysis you have completed into
an essay format. Your goal is to draft each section of your essay to begin forming a structure for
your argument. An outline can help you identify areas of strengths and weakness in your overall
evidence and/or argument and reveal new topics or connections to the thesis and evidence. This
part of the writing process is an important step in transforming your ideas into formal historical
writing. You
will submit this outline and receive peer feedback before completing a rough draft
essay.
Directions:
First, write a short historical contextualization about your selected historical topic.
Then, write a draft thesis about your primary source and the historical topic.
Next, outline each
paragraph using the P-E-A Chain strategy (Point, Evidence, Analysis) to support your thesis. Your
evidence should be clearly derived from your selected primary source. Refer to your completed
Document Analysis Activity to provide a detailed analysis. Additionally, add your insight about
the source's value and limitations in relation to your historical topic. Finally, include source
citations for your primary source document and any secondary source you used as main
sources of information and ideas.
(Click here for a Google Doc copy)
Topic & Contextualization
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1
EXPERIENCE COLLEGE
BEFORE COLLEGE
In historical context, the Mississippi Black Codes exemplify the struggles and injustices faced by
African Americans during the tumultuous period following the Civil War. These laws reveal the
resistance to change in the South and the complex and contentious process of Reconstruction,
where the promise of freedom for African Americans clashed with deeply entrenched prejudices and
societal norms. Ultimately, the legacy of these codes and the broader struggle for civil rights played
a significant role in shaping the course of American history and the ongoing fight for racial equality.
THESIS
The Mississippi Black Codes of 1865, and their counterparts in the South, constitute a distressing chapter in
post-Civil War America, revealing the South's desperate efforts to exert control over the newly emancipated
African American population and perpetuate a racial hierarchy, with profound implications for the ongoing
struggle for civil rights and racial equality.
P-E-A Chain #1
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2
EXPERIENCE COLLEGE
BEFORE COLLEGE
Step 1:
POINT #1
Write one POINT that
supports your major
claim/thesis.
1
.
The Mississippi Black Codes of 1865 were a deliberate effort to restrict the
civil rights and economic opportunities of newly emancipated African
Americans, effectively perpetuating a system of racial hierarchy reminiscent of
the antebellum period
.
Step 2:
EVIDENCE #1
Write down the specific
evidence you will use
from the document
supporting your POINT
#1.
Write a brief summary
stating why this
evidence is helpful in
understanding your
POINT.
2.
The specific evidence from the document supporting Point #1 is the excerpt
from the Mississippi vagrancy law, which states that "all freedmen, free Negroes,
and mulattoes" found with no lawful employment could be deemed vagrants and
subject to arrest, fines, or even re-enslavement.
Illustrates the oppressive nature of the Mississippi Black Codes. The vagrancy
law serves as a concrete example of how these codes aimed to restrict the
economic opportunities and civil rights of African Americans by imposing strict
regulations and harsh penalties for those who could not prove lawful
employment. This particular provision highlights the intent of the codes to
maintain control over the newly emancipated population and perpetuate a racial
hierarchy by limiting their freedom and economic prospects.
Step 3:
ANALYSIS #1
Explaining how the
evidence from your
source supports
POINT #1.
3.
The evidence from the document, notably the Mississippi vagrancy law, strongly supports
Point #1 by exemplifying the deliberate intent of the Mississippi Black Codes to restrict the
civil rights and economic opportunities of newly emancipated African Americans. The law's
requirement for African Americans to prove lawful employment, under the threat of fines and
re-enslavement, highlights the oppressive nature of these codes and their aim to perpetuate a
racial hierarchy. This provision demonstrates the calculated efforts to limit the freedom and
economic prospects of African Americans, affirming Point #1.
P-E-A Chain #2
Step 1:
POINT #2
1.
The Mississippi Black Codes' provision for punishing freedmen without lawful
employment, irrespective of age, exemplifies a deliberate effort to restrict their
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EXPERIENCE COLLEGE
BEFORE COLLEGE
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Write one POINT that
supports your major
claim/thesis.
economic opportunities and perpetuate racial hierarchy, supporting the thesis that
these codes were a distressing chapter in post-Civil War America.
Step 2:
EVIDENCE #2
Write down the specific
evidence you will use
from the document
supporting your POINT
#1.
Write a brief summary
stating why this
evidence is helpful in
understanding your
POINT.
2
The Mississippi Black Codes, as outlined in Section 7 of the Vagrancy Law,
established that if any freedman, free Negro, or mulatto failed to pay any tax
levied according to the provisions of the law, it would be prima facie evidence of
vagrancy. The sheriff was then tasked with arresting the delinquent taxpayer and
hiring them out to anyone willing to pay the tax, with costs accruing
.
This evidence is valuable for understanding POINT #1 because it demonstrates
that the Mississippi Black Codes, through the taxation provision in the Vagrancy
Law, effectively restricted economic opportunities for African Americans. By
making non-payment of taxes prima facie evidence of vagrancy, it illustrates how
these codes aimed to impose economic control and perpetuate a racial hierarchy
by creating a situation where failure to pay taxes could lead to re-enslavement or
harsh financial penalties, echoing the oppressive nature of the antebellum period.
Step 3:
ANALYSIS #2
Explaining how the
evidence from your
source supports
POINT #1.
3.
The evidence from the source, particularly the provision in the Mississippi
Black Codes' Vagrancy Law that made non-payment of taxes prima facie
evidence of vagrancy, strongly supports POINT #1. This provision underscores
the deliberate effort to restrict the economic opportunities of newly emancipated
African Americans, echoing the oppressive conditions faced by them during
slavery. It exemplifies how the Mississippi Black Codes aimed to impose
economic control and perpetuate a racial hierarchy, making the connection
between these codes and the antebellum period's racial oppression abundantly
clear.
Source Evaluation and Insight
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EXPERIENCE COLLEGE
BEFORE COLLEGE
Evaluate your
primary source.
Include the value and
limitations of the
source as evidence
related to your topic.
The value of this source lies in its direct representation of the laws enacted during
the post-Civil War period in the South. It serves as a concrete and historical
document that demonstrates the intent and impact of these codes, making it a
compelling piece of evidence for understanding the post-emancipation era's
challenges and injustices.
However, this source also has its limitations. It primarily reflects the perspective
of the lawmakers who drafted the Mississippi Black Codes, and it does not
provide the complete historical context or the experiences of those who were
directly affected by these laws. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the
topic, it is necessary to consider a range of primary and secondary sources,
including personal accounts, historical records, and scholarly analysis.
Additionally, the document itself may not provide insight into the broader
regional or national context, which is important for a more comprehensive
analysis of the post-Civil War period and the struggle for civil rights and racial
equality.
Citations
Use the Chicago
Manual of Style (15th
or 17th editions) and
add all citations.
Mississippi Black Codes, 1865, in "Mississippi Black Code, 1865,"
Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill,
https://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G007
.
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EXPERIENCE COLLEGE
BEFORE COLLEGE