ww2 rewview

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World War II & Ultranationalism • Interwar years • Rise of Hitler • Causes of WWII • Main events • Canada’s role • Ending the war • The Holocaust • Post WWII • Important Themes/Terms
Interwar years • France’s security • Demilitarized Rhineland • Maginot Line • Roaring 20’s • Germany’s humiliation and the reparations • Treaty of Versailles • War Guilt & Reparations • Disarmament • Territory
Interwar years
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Interwar years
Interwar Years • Dealing with reparations: • Treaty of Versailles 1919: Germany pays $200 billion • Dawes Plan 1924 1 st reduction: Germany pays $32 billion • Young plan 1929 2 nd reduction: Germany pays $8 billion • Hoover Moratorium 1931: a one year postponement on all reparations • Lausanne Conference 1932: Proposed reduction to $750 million. In 1933 Hitler refuses any payments – reduced to ZERO.
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Hitler’s Rise to power • Beer Hall Putsch (1923) – this was Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government. The revolution failed and Hitler was arrested. • Trial for Treason (1923) – Hitler would face the charges of treason and receive a 6-year sentence. He would serve 9 months for a crime, which normally mandates execution.
Hitler’s Rise to power • Mein Kampf – in prison Hitler would write a book that outlines his ideas of leadership and the fate of the Third Reich. • Depression – in 1929, while Hitler was formalizing his Nazi party with storm troopers and representatives to run for office, the New York Stock Market crashes and sends the world into depression. Germany was hit very hard and many people were without food, jobs and dignity. • Election results 1928 – 1932 – Hitler was able to win only 1/6 of the seats in the Reichstag, however he was able to make coalitions within the government. By 1933, he was given the position of Chancellor.
Hitler’s Rise to power • Reichstag Fire (1933) – Hitler secretly orders the burning of the Reichstag and blames it on the communists. • Enabling Act – on March 23 1933, Hitler convinced the members of the Reichstag to pass the Enabling Act. This would be the foundation of his dictatorship. The act allowed Hitler power to rule by decree for four years without anyone’s approval.
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Hitler’s Rise to power • Night of the long Knives (1934) – Hitler would remove all opposition. An elite group of storm troopers would execute all party dissidents. • Death of Hindenburg (1934) – the last obstacle for Hitler would die later that year and he would merge to offices of Chancellor and President. Hitler now has full control.
Causes of WWII • 1. TREATY OF VERSAILLES • Creates the perfect conditions in Germany for extremism. • G.A.R.G.L.E. • Guilt • Armed • Reparations • Germany Smaller • League of Nations • Extra – no union with Austria • Hitler will use this treaty to gain support and make his view heard including Lebensraum (living space), Anschluss (union with Austria) Militarization and Anti-Semitism.
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Causes of WWII • 2. FASCISM EXPANSIONISM • Japan 1931– wants to expand their influence in Asia – Manchuria. • League response – a lot of talk but no action.
Causes of WWII • 2. FASCISM EXPANSIONISM - continued • Italy (1935)– Mussolini wants to expand territory and invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia). • Response from the League - Nothing
Causes of WWII • 2. FASCISM EXPANSIONISM - continued • Germany: • Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland (1936). • Hitler then “merges” with Austria (1938 – Anschluss). • Hitler takes over the Sudetenland 1938 (part of Czechoslovakia) by negotiating with Britain –Munich Accord. • Hitler takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia
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Causes of WWII • 3. APPEASEMENT • The international community (GB) gives in to the demands of Hitler to avoid war. • Czechoslovakia • Anschluss • Rearmament
Causes of WWII • 4. FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE • The main idea of the League of Nations – Collective Security failed.
Causes of wwii • Immediate cause: • Germany makes a deal with….the USSR. “Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact” • Hitler and Stalin agree to split Poland in half with each taking their part. • On Sept. 1 1939 Hitler unleashes the Blitzkrieg on Poland. Britain and many of the Allied countries including France and Canada declare war on Germany. World War II begins.
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Communism Fascism
"In the event of any action which clearly threatened Polish independence and which the Polish Government accordingly considered it vital to resist with their national forces, His Majesty's Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Government all support in their power. They have given the Polish Government an assurance to this effect. I may add that the French Government have authorized me to make it plain that they stand in the same position in this matter."
Main events • Theaters of war: 1.Europe 2.Pacific 3.Africa 4.Atlantic
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Main events • Europe: • Dunkirk – evacuation • Battle of Britain – air campaign over Britain. • Barbarossa – invasion of USSR eventually stopped at Stalingrad • Liberation of Italy – starts first front in Western Europe (Sicily) • D-Day (GOJUS) – beginning of the end.
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Main events • Pacific: • Pearl Harbour - Japan’s surprise attack against USA (Dec. 1941). USA enters WWII. • Midway – turning point in the Pacific. • Atomic Bomb – USA drops bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki (Aug. 1945) puts an end to WWII.
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Main events • Africa: • Rommel – desert fox. • El Alamein – turning point. • Launching site for invasion of Italy (Sicily)
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Main Events • Atlantic: • Maintains shipping route for Allies.
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Canada’s Role • Dieppe – disastrous raid leading to complete failure for the Allies. • D-Day – Canada storms the Juno Beaches with great success. • Helps liberate Italy, Holland, France, Belgium. • Conscription crisis; • “Conscription if necessary but not necessarily conscription”. • Referendum to release PM Mackenzie King of his earlier promise not to use conscription. • Japanese internment.
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Conferences • Yalta: • Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill meet to discuss Poland and dividing Europe. • Initiate talks on creating the UN and Veto power for 4 victorious countries.
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Conferences • Potsdam: • Truman, Stalin, Attlee meet to officially plan division of Germany and set up East vs. West Europe. • Demilitarization, democratization, & denazification of Germany • Division of Germany into 4 occupation zones (as agreed at Yalta) with similar division of Berlin and Vienna • Prosecution of all Nazi war criminals • Reversion of all German annexations • Destruction or control of all industry with military potential • Truman hinted at secret weapon and his intentions to give Japan an ultimatum.
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The Holocaust • Nuremberg laws – the stripping of Citizen right for on Jews. • Kristallnacht – the public violence against Jewish shop owners and property. • Labour camps, Ghettos, concentration camps • Final Solution – the push to increase rates of killing in order to “get rid of the problem”
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The Holocaust • Nuremburg Trials: • Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace • Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace • War crimes • Crimes against humanity • “We were doing what we were told” not a deffence.
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Post wwii • Begining of the Cold War • Started in Germany and took over all of Europe.
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Terms / Themes • Ultranationalism : extreme devotion to or advocacy of the interests of a nation, especially regardless of the effect on any other nations. • Appeasement : A political policy of conceding to aggression by a warlike nation. • Scapegoating : a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place. • Fascism : a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
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"My good friends this is the second time in our history that there has come back from Germany to Downing Street peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time."
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