S.Karnuk-HIS200-Module 6 Short Answers
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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HIS200
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History
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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Module 6 Short Responses – Question 1 Which source will you analyze using active reading strategies? Include the name of the article, the author, the publication, the date, and where you found it.
Read your chosen source using the active reading strategies you learned on the previous
page. Then, summarize the overall meaning and content of the reading. Write your summary below. Your summary should be at least one paragraph long.
Woodwiss, Michael. (1987). Capone to Kefauver: Organised Crime in America. History Today. 37(6). P 8-15. This article provides a historical context of organized crime leader Al Capone and his influence over increased crime during the prohibition period. The article evaluates the crime trade as it pertained to illegal distribution of alcohol once outlawed by the 18
th
amendment. It places a focus on the growth of organized crime under the direction of Al Capone and the government’s efforts to discontinue Capone’s leadership in the organized crime group.
Module 6 Short Responses – Question 2 What events or historical forces contributed to the Boston busing crisis of the mid-
1970s? Name at least three, and briefly explain why you think each one was a contributory cause of the Boston busing crisis.
1.
The Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It ruled that separate but equal school was indeed unequal and detrimental towards African Americans. While it took over 30 years before Boston schools were fully integrated, without this ruling, the busing plan that brought upon riots and violence, would not have needed to be implemented. 2.
The Radical Imbalance Act was law passed in Massachusetts requiring integration of all segregated schools. Failure to comply would result in withdrawn school funds. The
law was resisted contributing to increased protest surrounding the busing plan. 3.
Judge W. Arthur Garrity ruled in the lawsuit that Boston's schools were unconstitutionally segregated therefore he pushed for busing plans in order to integrate races in schools. The judge wanted a mathematical balance between white and black students in the schools. Module 6 Short Responses – Question 3 Name three specific consequences of the Boston busing crisis.
1. Violent protesting/riots 2. White flight
3. Absenteeism
Module 6 Short Responses – Question 4 Describe one cause of the event you have chosen for your historical analysis (keeping in mind that there are many), and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion. Describe one consequence of the event, and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion.
A cause that contributed to the ratification of the 18
th
amendment was an increase in crime related to intoxication. The Anti-Saloon League led the charge in the temperance movement to ban alcohol in the U.S. Harry Gene Levine noted in this article The Alcohol Problem in America: From Temperance to Alcoholism
, the temperance movement demonized alcohol referring to it as a ‘demonic substance’ that caused unhappy, undesirable and unwanted conditions such as poverty, crime, violence, broken families and
business collapse. The government in turn imposed a federal, nationwide, constitutional ban on alcohol via the 18
th
amendment. Consequently, the legitimate businesses and government organizations that had once controlled alcohol were quickly replaced by organized crime groups who were already operating within cities across the country. According to Michael Woodiwiss in his article Capone to Kefauver: Organised Crime in America
prohibition essentially helped organized crime establish themselves as it provided these gangs with an opportunity to cash in on the high public demand for alcohol as many did not want to stop drinking. Organized crime groups adapted their methods of operation after the passing of the eighteenth amendment which contributed to increased crime across the nation. Their operations were not only illegal on their own, but the need to maintain their position in the illegal business market of production, transport, sale and consumption of alcohol contributed to additional crimes as well. For over a decade, business boomed for organized
crime syndicates, until the demise of the Volstead Act was enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 with the implementation of the twenty-first amendment which repealed the eighteenth.
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