Research Paper - Feb. 11 @ 6_17 pm

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Research Paper Valerie Austin Colorado Christian University HIS-204A: America since 1877 Lilia Anand February 11, 2024

2 Research Paper World War II was a defining moment in history, shaping the course of the 20th century and leaving a lasting impact on the world. The Axis powers, consisting of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy, and the Allied powers, which included the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and others, emerged as the two main alliances during the conflict, which lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war encompassed a global scale, involving battles across Europe, the Pacific, Africa, and beyond, and resulted in immense human suffering and loss. However, in the end, the Allied powers emerged victorious, with the United States playing a pivotal role in securing this outcome. The United States' involvement in World War II marked a significant turning point, both for the nation itself and for the overall course of the conflict. Through a combination of political, military, economic, and technological factors, the United States and its allies were able to overcome the formidable challenges posed by the Axis powers. “America won the war essentially by harnessing capitalist methods to the unlimited production of firepower and mechanical manpower.” (Johnson, 1999, p. 782). This victory was not only a testament to the courage and sacrifice of those who fought on the front lines, but also to the strategic and logistical efforts that underpinned the war. In this essay, we will explore the various factors that contributed to the United States and its allies achieving victory in World War II, drawing parallels with biblical principles that emphasize wisdom, unity, diligence, and perseverance. The United States and their allies won World War II due to a combination of factors in the areas of military, economics, and innovation/technology, as well as the political and cultural aspects.

3 Politically, the United States and its allies were able to form a strong and unified coalition to oppose the Axis powers. This coalition allowed for coordinated military strategies and the pooling of resources to effectively combat the enemy. The political leadership of the Allied powers, including figures such as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of the war. Their ability to negotiate and coordinate strategies helped bring about the defeat of the Axis powers. In the Bible, Proverbs 24:6 states, "Surely you need guidance to wage war, and victory is won through many advisers," ( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019), which emphasizes the importance of political unity and strategic planning in achieving victory. Militarily, the United States and its allies were able to mobilize and deploy their forces effectively, using superior tactics and technology to gain the upper hand in key battles. One way this was achieved was through Operation Ultra. Operation Ultra was a top-secret program aimed at intercepting and decoding encrypted German and Japanese communications. The operation was a very important intelligence-gathering effort that helped the Allies learn about the enemy's military plans, troop movements, and other important details. At the heart of Operation Ultra was the successful code-breaking of the German Enigma machine, which was used to encrypt high-level military messages. Some of the most important people in this breakthrough were British scientist and cryptanalyst Alan Turing and his team at Bletchley Park. They were able to read a huge amount of captured German communications by making the electromechanical "Bombe" machines that could read Enigma-encrypted messages. ( Alan Turing and the Hidden Heroes of Bletchley Park , 2020) The information the Allies acquired from Operation Ultra was very helpful in understanding German military plans and actions. This information helped the Allies make very

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4 important military decisions, like predicting and stopping German offensives. Ultra gave the military important information that was used in major actions, such as the D-Day landings in Normandy and the Battle of the Atlantic. Overall, Operation Ultra was a very important part of the Allies' final victory in WWII. The United States' industrial capacity allowed for the mass production of weapons, vehicles, and supplies, providing a significant advantage over the Axis powers. The military leadership, strategic planning, and bravery of the soldiers were crucial in securing victories on various fronts. The Bible also speaks to the importance of military strength and strategy, as seen in Psalm 144:1, which states, "Praise be to the Lord my Rock, who trains my hands for war, my fingers for battle."( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019). Culturally, the United States and its allies were able to rally their populations behind the war effort, fostering a strong sense of national pride and determination to defeat the enemy. This cultural unity and resilience played a crucial role in sustaining the war effort. The home front's support, the sacrifices made by civilians, and resilience in the face of adversity were essential in the overall war effort. In the Bible, Romans 12:12 encourages believers to "Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, faithful in prayer" ( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019), highlighting the importance of perseverance and resilience in times of struggle. Economically, the United States and its allies were able to mobilize their industrial and agricultural resources to support the war effort, producing vast quantities of weapons, vehicles, and supplies to sustain their military campaigns. This economic strength allowed them to outproduce and outlast the Axis powers. For instance, Henry Kaiser's shipyards were able to get the production time for Liberty Ships down from 365 days to 92, 62, and, finally, to one day. Overall, the economy grew at a rate of 11 or 12 percent annually throughout the war.(Goodwin,

5 1992, para. 13) .The economic power and productivity of the United States played a significant role in the eventual victory. In the Bible, Proverbs 21:5 states, "The plans of the diligent lead to profit as surely as haste leads to poverty" ( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019), emphasizing the importance of hard work and diligent planning in achieving economic success. Technology and innovation were instrumental in assisting the United States to victory in World War II. The ability to innovate and adapt to the changing nature of warfare was a key factor in the Allied victory. In the Bible, Ecclesiastes 7:12 states, "Wisdom is a shelter as money is a shelter, but the advantage of knowledge is this: Wisdom preserves those who have it."( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019). This passage highlights the importance of knowledge and innovation in achieving success.The country's ability to develop and deploy advanced weapons, communication systems, and other technological advancements gave them a significant advantage over their enemies. Some key ways in which innovation and technology helped the USA win WWII include: 1.) Development of advanced weapons: The United States of America made significant investments in the research and development of superior weaponry, including the atomic bomb, radar, and long-range bombers. The United States of America was able to achieve a major military edge over its adversaries with the assistance of powerful weaponry. 2.) Communication and intelligence: The United States of America was responsible for the development of cutting-edge technology in the fields of communication and intelligence gathering. These technologies include the Enigma code-breaking machine and the first electronic digital computer. Using technology, the United States of America was able to intercept and decode communications from the enemy, which provided them with important intelligence information.

6 3.) Industrial production: One of the most important factors that contributed to the United States of America's success was their capacity to rapidly produce weapons and equipment by utilizing advanced manufacturing techniques and mass production procedures. Because of the country's industrial capacity, they were able to outproduce their adversaries and provide their own soldiers with the resources and equipment they needed. 4.) Medical advancements: The USA made significant advancements in medical technology during WWII, including the development of penicillin and other antibiotics, which helped to save the lives of countless soldiers and civilians. Prior to antibiotics, infectious disease was the leading cause of death worldwide. (Tobey, 2018, para. 6). For the Allies to achieve victory, it was essential for them to innovate and adjust to the ever-changing nature of warfare. In the Bible, Ecclesiastes 7:12 states, "Wisdom is a shelter as money is a shelter, but the advantage of knowledge is this: Wisdom preserves those who have it," ( NIV Life Application Study Bible , 2019), highlighting the importance of knowledge and innovation in achieving success. In conclusion, the United States of America and its allies were victorious in World War II as a result of their political unity, military power, cultural resilience, financial strength, and technological ingenuity. In addition to the biblical ideals of knowledge, unity, diligence, and endurance, the combination of these factors was a significant contributor to the ultimate victory over the Axis powers.

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7 References Alan turing and the hidden heroes of bletchley park . (2020, June 24). The National WWII Museum | New Orleans. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/alan-turing- betchley-park Goodwin, D. (1992, October 1). The way we won: America's economic breakthrough during world war ii . The American Prospect. https://prospect.org/health/way-won-america-s- economic-breakthrough-world-war-ii/ Johnson, P. (1999). A history of the american people . Harper Perennial. NIV Life application study bible (Third ed.). (2019). Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Tobey, R. E. (2018, February 23). Advances in medicine during wars - foreign policy research institute . Foreign Policy Research Institute. https://www.fpri.org/article/2018/02/advances-in-medicine-during-wars/#:~:text=World %20War%20II%20saw%20the%20expanded%20use%20of,disease%20was%20the %20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20worldwide.

Research Paper - Feb. 11 @ 6_17 pm

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