AP World History Final Exam

World History Advanced Placement Final Examination c. 1750 – Present Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________ Teacher: ____________________________________________________________ Period: ______________________________________ “I, hereby, swear that I had had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination.” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Signature) The final examination for World History Advanced Placement consists of three parts- 20 stimulus- based multiple-choice questions, 2 CRQs- Short-answer Constructed Responses and One Enduring Issue Essay. Part 1- Forty MCQ’s (2 point each): ____________/80 Part 2- Two CRQ Sets (10 each): ________ /20

TOTAL: _____________/100 Questions 1-3 refer to the following passage. Image 1: OTTOMAN SOLDIERS RECONQUERING A FORTRESS IN GREECE FROM VENETIAN FORCES, MINIATURE IN A VENETIAN- PRODUCED BOOK OF HISTORY AND DIPLOMACY, CIRCA 1665 Image 2: MUGHAL FORCES LED BY THE EMPEROR AURANGZEB CAPTURE THE FORTRESS OF GOLCONDA, CAPITAL OF A RIVAL MUSLIM INDIAN STATE, IN 1687. PAINTING BY AN ANONYMOUS INDIAN ARTIST, CIRCA 1760. 1. Taken together, the two images best support which of the following claims regarding developments in the period from 1450 to 1750? A. European military technology was inferior to Asian military technology. B. Rulers served as military commanders and typically led armies into battle themselves. C. Gunpowder technology facilitated the expansion of land-based empires. D. Religious divisions were not a significant source of military conflict. 2. Which of the following imperial expansions was most similar to those of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires? A. The Portuguese Empire in Brazil B. The Dutch Empire in South Africa and Indonesia C. The Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia D. The Manchu Empire in East Asia 3. The two dynasties whose expansions are illustrated by the images shared which of the following? A. Their rulers claimed to be descended from the Mongol ruling family of Chinggis Khan B. Their rulers were recognized as caliphs by most Muslims

Questions 7-8 refer to the following passage. 7. Which event most directly influenced the writing of both documents? A. American Revolution B. German Unification C. French Revolution D. Italian Unification

8. Which political philosophy is best supported by both documents? A. Rule of law represents a social contract with the people. B. Tyranny encourages liberty and security. C. Separation of powers guarantees people fair treatment. D. Oppression promotes the general will Questions 9-11 refer to the following passage. "... Give Venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness. No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the Republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the Senate. The ministers, being responsible for any transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their actions .... " — Simón Bolívar, 1819 9. The ideas expressed by Simón Bolívar in this passage most closely parallel the ideas of which of the following people? A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Baron de Montesquieu C. Napoleon Bonaparte D. Karl Marx 10.Simón Bolívar's point of view in this passage most clearly shows the influence of which of the following? A. the Industrial Revolution B. British imperialism in India C. the Protestant Reformation D. Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution 11.Based on this passage, Simón Bolívar would most likely agree with which of the following statements? A. Workers should control the means of production. B. Italy should be united under a single government. C. Japan must industrialize in order to compete with the powers of Europe. D. The nations of Latin America should be independent and free from colonial rule.

A. The Second Industrial revolution B. The increased exchanges of raw materials and finished goods in most parts of the world C. The decline of the world’s silver market D. The proliferation of large-scale transitional businesses Questions 15-17 refer to the following passage. “Everything was on a military basis, but so far as I could see, the one and only reason for it all was rubber. It was the theme of every conversation, and it was evident that the only way to please one’s superiors was to increase the output somehow. I heard from the white men and some of the soldiers some most gruesome stories. The former white man would stand at the door of the store to receive the rubber from the poor trembling wretches, … a man bringing rather under the proper amount, the white man flies into a rage, and seizing a rifle from one of the guards, shoots him dead on the spot.” Source: A.E. Scrivener, Private Company Rule in the Congo, 1903 15.Scrivener’s passage describes which of the following developments? A. Imperialism B. Mercantilism C. Marxism D. Communism 16.Which of the following philosophies would be used to justify the actions described in the passage? A. The argument for classical liberalism by John Stuart Mill B. Social Darwinism C. The need for new methods of production of steel, chemicals, and electricity D. The global market for finished goods 17.Which of the following was the long-term consequence of the situation described in the passage? A. T h e economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression B. The Cold War C. Nationalist leaders challenged imperial rule D. Large scale migrations of Africans to the Americas Questions 18-20 refer to the following image. 18.The changes in Japanese science and technology described in this passage most directly resulted from which of the following? A) the Russo-Japanese War B) an abundance of natural resources in Japan

C) the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan D) Japanese isolationism 19.The changes in Japanese society shown in this illustration are most similar to changes in which other place? A) France during the Middle Ages B) South Africa under Nelson Mandela C) Turkey under Kemal Ataturk D) Germany after World War II 20.This illustration most clearly shows the influence of which major change in Japanese society during the Meiji Restoration? A) westernization and modernization B) isolationism C) militarism D) feudalism Questions 21-22 refer to the following image. SOVIET PROPAGANDA POSTER, 1920. Translation, “ What the October revolution gave to female workers and peasants .” The buildings’ names are “ library ,” “ kindergarten ,” “ adult education center ,” “ community food hall ,” “ shelter for mothers and children ,” etc. 21.A historian researching the social history of the 20th century would find this art most useful as a source of information about A. the spread of literacy among the industrial classes B. women gaining control over their reproductive rights C. challenges to traditional notions about class and gender D. the rapid industrialization that occurred immediately after political revolutions 22.The propagandists who produced this poster would argue that the changes it depicts were A. anti-colonial independence movements B. Imperial Russia’s success in the Great War C. classic liberalism D. an economic alternative to the status quo

25.The declaration can best be understood as a rejection of which of the following ideals? A. The belief that some groups of people are inherently superior to others B. The belief that all cultures have intrinsic value C. The belief that race is a social construction D. The belief that the concept of race has had a major impact on human interactions 26.The declaration’s mention of a “heavy toll” in the third paragraph was most likely a reference to which of the following? A. The casualties of the First World War B. The deaths that occurred as a result of the use of nuclear weapons during the Second World War C. The deaths that occurred during the Holocaust D. The mass violence that occurred under communist leaders, such as Mao Zedong 27.The declaration is an example of which of the following post-Second World War developments? A. The creation of institutions to aid the economic development of newly independent nations B. An increase in international migration in search of economic opportunities C. The escalation of violence and proxy wars between countries during the Cold War D. The efforts of international organizations to promote human rights Questions 28-29 refer to the following image. Source: Getty Images . Indian followers of Gandhi sitting with pots of seawater, 1930

28. What is the goal of the people in this photo? A. to call for peace between people in all lands touched by the oceans B. to highlight one difference between Hindus and Muslims C. to protest against British control aver India D. to demonstrate support for the leadership of Gandhi 29. What political idea does this picture best represent? A. communism B. civil disobedience C. peaceful coexistence D. nonalignment Questions 30- 31 refer to the following quotation. . . . . For centuries, Europeans dominated the African continent. The white man arrogated [claimed] to himself the right to rule and to be obeyed by the non-white; his mission, he claimed was to “civilize” Africa. Under this cloak, the Europeans robbed the continent of vast riches and inflicted unimaginable suffering on the African people. . . . Source: Kwame Nkrumah, 1961 30. Based on this quotation, which statement would Kwame Nkrumah most likely support? A. Independent African states should obey European directives. B. African countries should continue to rely on European technology. C. Europeans should control the mineral mines of Africa. D. European colonialism on the African continent should come to an end. 31.Which statement best expresses a major idea of Kwame Nkrumah in the quotation? A. African doctors should be trained in Western schools. B. European nations should reestablish economic relationships with their former African colonies. C. African nations were exploited for their raw materials. D. African nations should send peacekeeping forces to settle disputes in other areas of the world. Questions 32-34 refer to the following map. “Psychologists of mass behavior might have an explanation for what went wrong in China in the late summer of 1958. China was struck with a mass hysteria fed by Mao, who then fell victim himself. Mao began believing the party slogans, casting caution to the winds. As we set out by train heading south from Beijing, the scene along the railroad tracks was incredible. Harvest time was approaching, and the crops were thriving. The fields were crowded with peasants at work. The backyard steel furnaces that had been established in the peasant communes had transformed the rural landscape. They were everywhere, and we could see peasant men in a constant frenzy of activity, transporting fuel and raw materials, keeping the fires stoked. Every commune we visited provided testimony to the abundance of the upcoming harvest. The statistics for both grain and steel production were astounding. Mao’s earlier skepticism had vanished, and common sense had escaped him. The excitement was contagious, and I was infected too. As we continued on our journey, however, Mao’s personal secretary Lin Ke set me straight. What we were seeing from our windows on the train was all staged, he said. The party secretaries had ordered the furnaces constructed along our rail route. Rice plants had been moved from faraway fields along our route so that Mao would see a wildly abundant crop. All of China was a stage, all the people performers in an extravaganza for Mao. The agricultural production figures were false, Lin Ke said, and what was coming out of the backyard furnaces was useless.” Li Zhisui, personal physician to Mao Zedong, biography of Mao, published in the United States, 1994

35.Which claim is best supported by the information provided in this illustration? A. The end of apartheid allowed Black South Africans to participate in national elections for the first time. B. Violence in South Africa led to injury and death, contributing to a revolution. C. Economic sanctions by international powers led to political and economic hardships for many South Africans. D. The opening of South African schools to Black children created an increase in national literacy rates. 36.After his victory, which course of action was recommended by the leader depicted in this illustration? A. implementing programs to assist the widespread refugee crisis throughout the nation B. promoting communism through state collectivization of lands and the use of propaganda C. establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to overcome a history of discrimination D. having the African National Congress (ANC) plan peaceful marches, demonstrations, and boycotts

Questions 37 refers to the following passage. . . . From the beginning of the revolution there had been many aborted [failed] attempts to impose the veil on women; these attempts failed because of persistent and militant resistance put up mainly by Iranian women. In many important ways the veil had gained a symbolic signifi cance for the regime. Its reimposition [reinstatement] would signify the complete victory of the Islamic aspect of the revolution, which in those fi rst years was not a foregone conclusion. The unveiling of women mandated by Reza Shah in 1936 had been a controversial symbol of modernization, a powerful sign of the reduction of the clergy’s power. It was important for the ruling clerics to reassert that power. All this I can explain now, with the advantage of hindsight, but it was far from clear then. . . . Source: Azar Nafi si, Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Random House, 2004 37.Based on this passage, which statement best describes the signifi cance of the government regulations involving both the veiling and unveiling of women? A. Modernization created power shifts that led to conflict B. Women’s rights were consistently protected by Iranian leaders. C. Clerics supported the changes in their respective time periods. D. Emigration to culturally compatible countries was prohibited. Questions 38-40 refer to the following political cartoon. 38.The political cartoon above could be used to support which of the following arguments about disease in Africa in the twentieth century? A. Diseases associated with poverty persisted despite the improvement of the African economy. B. Africa saw overwhelming improvement in disease treatment leading to demographic shifts. C. Most diseases associated with poverty were overcome as the African economy improved. D. No epidemic diseases continued in developing nations. 39.Which of the following is true of the area emphasized in the cartoon during the period c. 1900 to the present? A. Nationalist leaders challenged imperial rule. B. Imperialism continued unchallenged. C. African nations were able to control their own colonies for the first time. D. Regional movements always left colonial rule unchallenged 40.Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growth of institutions of global governance designed to address issues such as those listed in the cartoon? A. International organizations such as the Red Cross B. Economic institutions such as the World Bank funding local economic initiatives

Document 1 Select Articles from the Treaty of Versailles Article 159 The German military forces shall be demobilized and reduced as prescribed hereinafter. Article 231 The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. Article 232 ...The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian populations of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression by land, by sea and from the air, and in general all damage as defined in Annex 1 hereto... Source: The Versailles Treaty , June 28, 1919. Historical Context- refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development 41. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the development of the Treaty of Versailles. [2]

Document 2 Daniel Fitzpatrick was an editorial cartoonist for the St. Louis Dispatch from 1913-1958, during which time his cartoons were published in thirty-five newspapers in the United States. During the 1920s and 1930s, while the United States was looking inward, Fitzpatrick was one of the first American cartoonists to warn of the dangers of fascism in Europe. *NOTE: Text at the bottom: “The Source .” Source of cartoon: Daniel Fitzpatrick, St. Louis Post- Dispatch , October 19, 1930. 42. Based on the cartoon, explain Daniel Fitzpatrick’s point-of-view regarding the treaty of Versailles [2] Cause - refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the

CRQ Set 1 Directions (44-46b): Analyze the documents and answer the short-answer questions that follow each document in the space provided. Document 1 Warsaw Pact Treaty, 1955 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Between the People's Republic of Albania, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People's Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Polish People's Republic, the Rumanian People's Republic, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Czechoslovak Republic, May 14, 1955... Article 3 The Contracting Parties shall consult with one another on all important international issues affecting their common interests, guided by the desire to strengthen international peace and security. They shall immediately consult with one another whenever, in the opinion of any one of them, a threat of armed attack on one or more of the Parties to the Treaty has arisen, in order to ensure joint defence and the maintenance of peace and security. Article 4 In the event of armed attack in Europe on one or more of the Parties to the Treaty by any state or group of states, each of the Parties to the Treaty, in the exercise of its right to individual or collective self-defence in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations Organization, shall immediately, either individually or in agreement with other Parties to the Treaty, come to the assistance of the state or states attacked with all such means as it deems necessary, including armed force. The Parties to the Treaty shall immediately consult concerning the necessary measures to be taken by them jointly in order to restore and maintain international peace and security. Source: Warsaw Pact Treaty , 1955 from the Wilson Center Digital Archive. 44. Explain the historical circumstances that led to the writing of the Warsaw Pact Treaty. [2]

Document 2 The following is an excerpt of a speech by Jawaharlal Nehru who was the first Prime Minister of India. . . . The preservation of peace forms the central aim of India’s policy. It is in the pursuit of this policy that we have chosen the path of non-alignment in any military or like pact or alliance. Non-alignment does not mean passivity of mind or action, lack of faith or conviction. It does not mean submission to what we consider evil. It is a positive and dynamic approach to such problems that confront us. We believe that each country has not only the right to freedom but also to decide its own policy and way of life. Only thus can true freedom flourish and a people grow according to their own genius. We believe, therefore, in nonaggression and noninterference by one country in the affairs of another and the growth of tolerance between them and the capacity for peaceful coexistence. We think that by the free exchange of ideas and trade and other contacts between nations each will learn from the other and truth will prevail. We therefore endeavor to maintain friendly relations with all countries, even though we may disagree with them in their policies or structure of government. We think that by this approach we can serve not only our country but also the larger causes of peace and good fellowship in the world. . . . Source: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, speech in Washington, D.C., December 18, 1956 from NYS Global History and Geography Regents Exam, August 2006. 45. Using document 2, identify Jawaharlal Nehru’s point of view concerning India’s relationship with other countries. [2]