Causes and Effects of European Exploration: Unit 3 Insights

SS Grade 7 Name: _________________________ Period: MODULE: Unit 3- The Age of Exploration Objective: What were the Causes & Effects of European Exploration of the Americas? Table of Contents Date Topic(s) Page Numbers Days 1 - 3 Crusades 1 - 4 Days 4-7 Explorers 5-7 Days 8-11 Columbus 8-13 Days 12-13 Columbian Exchange 14-17 Day 14-15 Colonization of the Americas 18-22 Day 16 Historical Post Cards 23 Day 17-19 Unit 3 Test and Review 1

2 Christian Cross Muslim Crescent and Star HOLY LAND PALESTINE ISRAEL Asia Jewish Star of David I. CRUSADES (1095) Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?  A series of _______ _________that lasted centuries.  Crusaders from Europe tried to capture the Holy Land and _________ ________ ___ _______________.  Crusades increased ________________ between ______________ and ______________(silks & spices) over the silk road. 1. TRADE & SILK ROAD  Europeans wanted these goods from the Middle East.  Merchants in the Middle East (_____________ merchants) charged too much for these goods.  European kings/queens wanted to find faster and cheaper ways to get to _______________/______________ where they could trade for these goods.  European kings and queens began sending ____________ to search for a ____________ ____________ to India and China.

3 CRQ : THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES DIRECTIONS: Study the cause and effect chart and then answer the questions. The Causes and Effects of the Crusades: 1. Which cause of the Crusades occurred after the Turks conquered the Holy Land? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What effect did the Crusades have on control of the Holy Land? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Europeans develop an interest in trade as a result of the Crusades? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ THE CRUSADES Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

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4 Renaissance Changes Europe Increased ______ and ______________ bring knowledge of other lands _____________ ______ spreads literature and new ideas throughout Europe Prince Henry the Navigator improves _______________ and __________________ Techniques Competing ________________ sponsor voyages to gain wealth and territory Portuguese shipbuilders develop the ___________ designed to travel long distances New ________________ tools such as the __________, the ____________ and more accurate maps allow longer voyaged 1. During the 1400s, technological advances in navigation, and naval engineering, like the rudder and compass led to the a. Rise of the Aztec Empire b. Rise of the Inca Empire c. Age of Exploration d. Age of Ship building 2. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three? a. Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another. b. European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories. c. Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power. d. Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

5 2. Explorers  Their knowledge of sailing was limited, no one had ever been to the bottom of Africa, and the compass hadn’t been invented yet.  There was a good possibility that the world was flat and you might sail off the edge if you went out of sight of land.  If you went south beyond the equator the ocean might boil you.  Many people believed in sea monsters.  _____________ _____________From Venice, Italy.  Found a land route to the silks & spices of the Orient (China/India/Far East).  Results:  _______________________________________ ________________________(became wealthy).  Other European nations tried to find a shorter/cheaper route eastern Asia (silks & spices).  European explorers began to search for a __________ _____________ _____ ___________ (da Gama, Columbus, Magellan). Unit 3 EQ 1: How did the Crusades help bring changes to Europe?

6 Name Nationality Sailing From Dates of Travel Destination Impact/Accomplishments Christopher Columbus Vasco de Gama Bartholomew Dias Vasco Nunez de Balboa

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7 Name Nationality Sailing From Dates of Travel Destination Impact/Accomplishments Ferdinand Magellan John Cabot Jacques Cartier Henry Hudson

8  Columbus was right about the shape of the earth, he was wrong about the size. Columbus was off by  11,000 miles.  Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Sea: He believed he had reached the East Indies and named the indigenous (native) people “Indians”.  Columbus failed in his mission. He set out to find the riches of the Orient, not a new world. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS  Sailed from Spain to find the riches of the Orient (silks & spices).  ______________ _________ ____ King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ____________  Columbus wanted to _________ ___________ from Spain across the Atlantic to reach the Far East (Orient). https://www.yout ube.com/watch? v=GD3dgiDreGc 2. Explorers Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

9 Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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10 Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

11 MAP EXERCISE: DIRECTIONS: 1. Locate the following on the map. Spain Portugal South America Atlantic Ocean Hispaniola Cuba Africa North America Caribbean Sea 2. Use a colored pencil and draw the route that represents the 1 st voyage that Columbus made to the New World. 3. Create a key in the blank box showing the 1 st voyage and the dates for the 1 st voyage. COLUMBUS REACHES AMERICA

12 CRQ: WHY DID COLUMBUS SAIL WEST TO REACH ASIA? DIRECTIONS: Read the information below, study the map, and answer questions. Starting in 1271, young Marco Polo of Venice, Italy, traveled overland to China with his father and uncle. Marco Polo spent close to 20 years there. While in China, he heard of Japan from Chinese sailors. On his way back home, Marco Polo visited some of the islands called the Indies (now Indonesia, the Philippines, and part of Malaysia). He also visited India and Persia (now Iran) before returning overland to Europe. Marco Polo’s book about his journeys inspired Europeans to open trade routes for spices, silks, teas, and medicines from the Far East. When the overland routes were blocked in the mid-1400’s, Europeans began searching for a sea route. One of the searchers was Christopher Columbus. Columbus had a map (below) made around 1469 by an Italian scientist named Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. Toscanelli’s map showed Japan, China, and the Indies on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean. Japan was shown as being about 2,700 miles due west of Spain’s Canary Islands (near the coast of North Africa). When Columbus sailed from the Canary Islands on September 9, 1492, he probably used Toscanelli’s map as a guide. When he didn’t find Japan, Columbus figured that he had sailed past it and reached a small island in the Indies. When he met the natives of this island, he called the Indians because he believed that he had reached the Indies. We now know that he had reached the Americas instead. 1. Why did Columbus think he could reach the Indies by sailing west? TTQA ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. 2. When Columbus reached land in October of 1492, what name did he give to the natives that he came into contact with? Why? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why was it impossible for Columbus to reach Asia (India and China) on the course he followed from Europe? TTQA ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________. Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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13 AMERIGO VESPUCCI EXPLORES THE CARIBBEAN Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian sailor sent by Spain and Portugal to explore the coast of America. Between 1497 and 1503, Vespucci made several voyages of exploration there. Letters he wrote about his discoveries caused a French geographer to call the lands “America” in honor of the explorer. Amerigo Vespucci’s first voyage to America was made in 1497. After exploring the northern coast of Central America, he sailed across the Gulf of Mexico and up the coast of North America. This reading is part of a letter Vespucci wrote describing that voyage. CRQ 5: AMERIGO VESPUCCI EXPLORES THE CARIBBEAN DIRECTIONS: Read the following information and then answer the questions that follow “…We set out from the port of Cadiz (in Spain) on the 10th day of May, 1497… in which voyage we were eighteen months; and discovered much continental land and innumerable (a great many) islands… And so we sailed on till at the end of 37 days we reached a land which we deemed (believed) to be a continent… And the next day when the dawn appeared we saw that there were infinite numbers of people upon the beach… They are of a medium stature (height), very well proportioned; their flesh is of a color that verges into red like a lion’s mane… The hair of their head is long and black, and especially in the women, whom it renders (makes) handsome… Their arms (weapons) are bows and arrows, very well made, save (except) that the arrows are not tipped with iron nor any kind of hard metal; and instead of iron they put animals’ or fishes’ teeth or a spike of tough wood on their arrows… They are sure marksmen, for they hit whatever they aim at; and in some places women use the bows… These people have neither King nor Lord, nor do they yield obedience to anyone, for they live in their own liberty… They live and are contented with that which natures gives them. The wealth that we enjoy in… Europe… such as gold, jewels, pearls, and other riches, they hold (regard) as nothing, and although they have them in their own lands, they do not labor to obtain them, nor do they value them. They are liberal in giving, for it is rare they deny you anything… Many tribes came to see us… and they asked us whence (where) we came from; and we gave them to understand that we had come from heaven… and they believed it. In this land we placed baptismal fonts (religious vessels) and an infinite number of these people were baptized (made Christians).” 1. How did Vespucci describe the Native Americans he met on this voyage? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the America’s get the name “America”? TTQA _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14 • “It appears to me, that the people are ingenious (clever), and would be good servants and I am of opinion that they would very readily become Christians, as they appear to have no religion.” • “For I, with the force I have under me, which is not large, could march over all these islands without opposition…They have no arms (weapons), and are without warlike instincts (peaceful); they all go naked, and are so timid that a thousand would not stand before three of our men. So that they are good to be ordered about, to work and sow, and do all that may be necessary, and to build towns, and they should be taught to go about clothed and to adopt our customs.” • “With fifty men I could subjugate (control) them all and make them do everything that is required of them.” ~ Christopher Columbus 1492 2. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE CHANGES THE WORLD  Columbus’ discovery of the Americas changed the economy of the _______ ____________ (Americas) and ________ ___________(Europe).  Both sides received new products and foods.  The _____________ ____________________created a global economy. Unit 3 EQ3: How did the interactions and exposure with Europeans historically impact the indigenous people? “There came among us a great sickness, a general plague. It raged among us, killing vast numbers of people. Many died merely of hunger. They starved to death because there was no one left alive to care for them. The worst of this lasted 60 days, 60 days of horror.” What was one impact of European exploration on Native American Indians? A. European farming techniques were quickly adopted. B. Many Native American Indians were settled throughout Europe. C. Conflicts between Native American Indian tribes ended. D. Diseases brought by Europeans caused large numbers of deaths.

15 CRQ : THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE DIRECTIONS: Read the information below, study the map, and then answer the questions. 1. List 5 items that the Europeans brought to the America’s, from Europe, that the Native Americans did not have. A. ____________________ C. ____________________ E. ____________________ B. ____________________ D. ____________________ 2. List 5 items that the Native Americans shared with the Europeans and the Europeans took back to Europe. A. ____________________ C. ____________________ E. ____________________ B. ____________________ D. ____________________ 3. What does the phrase “Columbian Exchange” mean. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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16 2. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE CHANGES THE WORLD Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas? THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE DIRECTIONS: watch the video and take notes in the graphic organizer about the Colombian exchange https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Dc4U87NW6Sw

17 CRQ: MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION, 1519-1521 DIRECTIONS: Study the map below and then answer the questions that follow. 1. What is the title of the map? _________________________________________ 2. What oceans did Magellan’s voyage cross? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the dotted line represent? a. the voyage of both Magellan and his crew c. Magellan’s route around South America b. the route that Magellan took to get home d. the route of only Magellan’s crew after Magellan was killed 4. What happened to Magellan’s crew after Magellan was killed? a. they sailed to Asia and stopped c. they sailed to South America b. they sailed home to Europe d. they ended their journey at the spot where Magellan was killed Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

18 While imperialism’s definition might be confusing, this cartoon makes it a little easier to understand.  The nation (person) in the press is being exploited / taken advantage of (“squeezed”) so the nation controlling them can gain wealth. That is imperialism.  The nation becoming wealthy (person giving water) justifies this action by providing the needs of the exploited nation and helping them become “more civilized” by forcing a new culture/religion on them. Imperialism will influence Rudyard Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden”. The main idea of this poem was that Europeans were responsible for (had the task or burden of) educating "uncivilized" or "backward" peoples. II. COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS: 1. NEW SPAIN  Made up much of present day  __________________________  __________________  western half of South. America  Conquistadors came to the New World to gain wealth and fame (3 G’s).  _________________: Large amount of gold thought to be in the New World.  _________________: Claiming new land for your country (become famous).  _________________: Convert Natives to Christianity. Unit 3 EQ3: How did the interactions and exposure with Europeans historically impact the indigenous people?

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19 The development of these five social classes in New Spain was a result of A. colonization B. isolationism C. Industrialization D. patriotism II. COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS: Unit 3 EQ3: How did the interactions and exposure with Europeans historically impact the indigenous people?  _____________________________ conquered Mexico (________________).  _______________________________ conquered Peru (_________________).  Spain used the policy of __________________ to set up an economic system known as the _____________________ . Imperialism: Forming an empire by conquest or colonization for the purpose of economic or political domination 1. NEW SPAIN

20 Unit 3 EQ3: How did the interactions and exposure with Europeans historically impact the indigenous people?

21 2. NEW FRANCE  Made up much of present day eastern/central Canada & central U.S. Cartier explored the Northern coast of North America (Canada) and the St. Lawrence River. Champlain explored the St. Lawrence River, parts of the Great Lakes, and named Lake Champlain. Marquette and Joliet explored the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. 7  French explorers hoped to find gold.  France wanted to find an all water route through N. America to Asia (_____________________________) for silks and spices.  Wanted to gain access to the resources in North America (__________________/__________ ______________). I. Colonization of the Americas:  ______________________ ___ __________________ traveled south on the St. Lawrence River and founded New France (Quebec, Canada).  ____________________ ___ ___ __________traveled south on the Mississippi River and founded Louisiana (Louis XIV) and the port city of New Orleans.  France became friends (_________________) with Indians (Algonquin tribes).  French missionary priests traveled with fur traders to convert Indians to Roman Catholics. Reasons French Came to North America Effects of French Explorers Results of French Colonization Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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22 7 3. NEW NETHERLANDS (DUTCH) II. COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS:  Made up of present day New York & New Jersey.  The Dutch wanted to find an all water route through N. America to Asia (__________________________ _____________) for silks and spices.  Wanted to gain access to the fur trade in N. America Effects of Dutch Explorers  Henry Hudson founded ________ ______________________.  Established ______________ _______________(now Albany) as a fur trading post.  ______________ __________________________(now NYC) became the largest Dutch settlement.  For a brief time were _________________with the Algonquin & Iroquois (Mohawk) through the fur trade. Results of Dutch Colonization  The Dutch ___________ _________________the Northwest Passage.  The Dutch began to have ___________________with ____________________ over land ownership.  In 1664, New Netherlands ________________________to Great Britain and became ___________ ________________(part of the 13 English colonies). Unit 3 EQ 2: How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas?

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