Week08_Study_Guide
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School
Brigham Young University, Idaho *
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Course
110
Subject
Health Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by CorporalLarkMaster715
The activities listed in this Preparation Workbook need to be completed prior to
class. The reading materials, videos, website links, and Self-Assessments are
posted in I-Learn 3.0, Module 3, Week 8 Class Preparation.
Week’s Goals
Do you really need 8 cups of water each day? Is it possible to drink too
much water? What's the relationship between what I eat and high blood
pressure? Will taking a vitamin/mineral supplement fill in the gaps of a
"junk food" diet? If a little is good, isn't more better?
This week we will review the water recommendations and explore the role
of minerals in maintaining a healthy blood pressure. We will also discuss the
benefits and possible concerns with vitamin/mineral supplementation.
1. Describe the functions of water in the body and how the body
maintains water balance.
Read
8.1 Introduction to Water
and watch the video “Water” (1 min 33 sec).
Then answer the following questions.
What are the four key functions of water in the body?
Function of Water
Examples
Transportation
Move things around in the blood stream
Medium for Chemical
Reactions
Brings enzymes and compounds together
and allow reactions to occur
Lubricant, structural
component, and shock
absorber
Making movement less painful, removing
irritants, water is in every cell
Temperature
Regulator
Sweating
How does water help cool the body?
o
By sweating
Read
8.2 Water Balance
. Then answer the following questions.
What proportion of water is found in the intracellular fluids?
o
2/3
What proportion of water is found in the extracellular fluids?
o
1/3
How much water does the adult generally lose in a day?
o
2,000-3,000 milliliters (about 10cups)
What are the four areas the body typically losses fluid?
o
Kidneys, Skin, Respiratory system, Fecal
What are the three sources for adding water to the body?
o
Fluid, Food, Metabolic Water
What is the role of the hypothalamus in fluid regulation?
o
Initiates a desire to drink and retention of fluid in kidneys
What is the action of ADH in regulating water balance?
o
Prompt the kidneys to reserve water
What is the action of angiotensin and aldosterone in regulating water
balance?
o
Angiotensin initiating or supporting the message to release
ADH.
o
When there is sodium in the blood stream a compound is
released called aldosterone
Question to Ponder:
Why would drinking salty sea water increase a
person’s risk for dehydration?
o
Sodium dilutes the blood stream
2. Describe the DRI water recommendations and concerns with
dehydration and over hydration.
Read
Water Recommendations
in
8.2 Water Balance
. Then answer the
following questions.
What are the AI water recommendations for an adult male and
female?
o
Male: 3.7 liters (15.6c)
o
Female: 2.7 liters (11c)
What are the symptoms of dehydration?
o
Headaches, irritability, dizziness, muscle weakness
Who is at risk for dehydration?
o
Athletes, elderly and infants
How can the color of urine be used to evaluate risk for dehydration?
o
The darker the color the more dehydrated you are
How much fluid should a runner consume after his run where he lost
one (1) pound?
o
2.5-3c of water
What are the symptoms of water intoxication?
o
Confusion and disorientation progressing to seizures, coma, and
death
Who is at risk for water intoxication?
o
People who intake a lot of water in a short amount of time.
3. State the basic body functions and dietary recommendations for
electrolytes (sodium and potassium).
Read
8.3 Electrolytes
and watch the videos “Electrolytes” (2 min 40 sec)
and “Hyponatremia” (1 min 11 sec) which illustrates what can happen if the
sodium levels in the blood get too low. Then answer the following questions.
Why are sodium, potassium, and chloride referred to as electrolytes?
o
Because they have charged
What are the two positively charged electrolytes?
o
Sodium and Potassium
What is osmosis?
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o
Water across semipermeable membranes. Its affected by the
number of electrolytes and other substances dissolved in the
fluids
What are the key functions of electrolytes in the body?
o
The nervous system
Why does eating a salty meal cause your weight to increase
temporarily?
o
Makes you think you need to drink more water.
Then read
8.4 Dietary Sources of Electrolytes
and
8.5 Electrolytes in Health
and Disease
. Then watch the video “Food Components to Reduce: Sodium”
(2 min 6 sec) which reviews problems that may arise if a dietary intake is
too high in sodium and identifies foods high in sodium. Then answer the
following questions.
Which types of foods contribute the most sodium to the American
diet?
o
Fast foods, etc.
What are the definitions for the food label descriptors: “Sodium free”,
“Very Low Sodium”, “Low sodium”, “Reduced sodium”, and “Lite”?
o
Less than 5mg of sodium per serving
o
35mg of sodium or less per serving
o
140mg of sodium of less per serving
o
At least 25% less sodium than the regular product
o
At least 50% less sodium than the regular product
What are good food sources for potassium?
o
Bananas, spinach, broccoli, peas, etc.
What are the concerns with excessive sodium intake?
o
Kidneys problems, hormonal imbalances, etc.
What is the concern with hyponatremia?
o
Headaches, personality changes, irritability, nausea
4. Evaluate a dietary intake using the DASH Eating Plan
recommendations.
Read
8.6 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
and watch the video “DASH
Eating Plan” (7 min 43 sec) and review the 6-page “Your Guide to Lowering
Your Blood Pressure with DASH” booklet. Then answer the following
questions.
What are the systolic and diastolic levels for a normal blood pressure?
o
Less than 120 and Less than 80
What are the systolic and diastolic levels for elevated blood pressure?
o
120-129 and less than 80
What are the systolic and diastolic levels for hypertension?
o
130-139 and 140 or higher And 80-89 or 90 or higher
What is the predicted amount the DASH Eating Plan can lower
systolic pressure? (Refer to chart posted below)
o
yes
What minerals does the DASH dietary intake emphasize?
o
Calcium, magnesium, potassium, fiber, and protein
How do you evaluate a dietary intake using the DASH Eating Plan?
(Refer to Table on page 3 for the 1,600 Calorie, 2,000 Calorie, and
2,600 Calorie eating plans)
o
Note: The below table outlines the predicted impact lifestyle modifications
have on hypertension.
Table Reference: Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., et al. (2003). The Seventh
Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA, 289(19):2560-2571.
doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560.
https://jamanetwork-
com.byui.idm.oclc.org/journals/jama/fullarticle/196589
5. Describe how to evaluate a multi-vitamin/mineral dietary
supplement.
Read
8.7 Evaluating Dietary Supplements
. Review the National Institute of
Health’s website
Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know
. Then
answer the following questions.
What are some of the benefits from consuming a balanced food intake
that a vitamin/mineral supplement will not provide?
o
What groups of people may need to take a vitamin/mineral
supplement?
o
The elderly, vegan vegetarians, people with malabsorptive
conditions or on calorie restrictive.
How does the role of the FDA differ in regulating dietary supplements
versus prescription or over-the-counter medications?
o
They don’t regulate supplements
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What independent organizations are often used to evaluate the quality
of a dietary supplement? What is not guaranteed from their seal of
approval?
o
U.S. Pharmacopeia, ConsumerLab.com, NSF International
Know how to use a DV table to determine amounts in a supplement.
How can the UL be used when evaluating a vitamin/mineral
supplement?
What are the concerns of herbal supplements?
o
Even though they are from plants does not make them safe