HLTH 471 & 671 (2022) - introduction to pharmacology, part 1

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University of Waterloo *

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471

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Health Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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pptx

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Principles of Pharmacology Winter, 2022 HLTH 471/671

Key Points 1) Psychopharmacology defined. 2) Pharmacokinetics. 3) Pharmacodynamics.

DRUG – a substance that by its nature alters structure, or function in an organism those drugs that alter neurotransmission by affecting: i. neurotransmitters ii. receptors iii. 2 nd & 3 rd messengers Psychopharmacology : The study of drug-induced changes in emotion, cognition, and behaviour. Introduction to psychopharmacology 1

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Introduction to psychopharmacology drug action 2 side effect therapeutic effect non-specific drug effect specific effect pharmacodynamics drug effect pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics absorption distribution metabolism excretion 3 • PHARMACOKINETICS - Factors that affect drug concentration at a site of action. - Bioavailability (the amount of drug free to elicit a reaction) is influenced by several dynamic variables:

Pharmacokinetics • Absorption (route of administration) - how and where a drug is administered will affect its absorption - two main avenues: 1) Enteral - methods that use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: - oral - rectal (i.e., suppositories) 2) Parenteral - via head region (sublingual, nasal, ocular) - skin (i.e, transdermal) - injection - inhalation 4

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 main methods of drug administration: first- pass effect (IV) (IM) (SC) (PO) 5 Pharmacokinetics

• Distribution - A drug rarely acts at its point of initial contact upon the body. - Movement of drug from point of administration to tissues influenced by: 1) route of administration, which affects: - area of absorbing surface - metabolism - binding to food/inert substances 2) depot binding 3) selective barriers 4) transport across membranes - lipid solubility & ionisation Blood Concentration IV IM SC ? Time (h) Pharmacokinetics 6