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(aleum = e = 10882 - Hypercalcemia: greater than 5.6 mEq/L Causes' immobilization, metastatic bone cancer, excess intake of calcium S&S: decreased deep tendon reflexes, decreased muscle tone, bone pain Interventions: administer diuretics, increase fluids to 3-4 L per day, monitor 180 - Hypomagnesemia: less than 1.5 mEa/L Causes' alcoholism, diarrhea, decreased intake, starvation, hypercalcemia S&S: mental changes, seizures, tremors, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes Interventions: administer Mg supplements, assess neuromuscular status, institute seizure precautions - Hypermagnesemia. greater than 2.5 mEq/L Causes: diabetic ketoacidosis with severe water loss, renal failure S&S: heat, HOTN, loss of deep tendon reflexes, N&V, respiratory depression Interventions: administer diuretics, decrease intake high in Mg, encourage frequent urination, monitor 1&O Chapter 19 - NUTRITIONAL CONCEPTS AND RELATED THERAPIES 1. MyPlate - Portion control for a balanced and nutritious meal - fruits and vegetables make up half of the meal - Y of the meal should be protein - Vi of the meal should be grains - A small serving of dairy on the side | Chue ke PLale o0 2. Explain medical nutrition therapy and therapeutic diets Medical nutrition therapy: the use of specific nutritional variations to build good health; may involve simply modifying a nutritionally inadequate diet so that it becomes nutritionally adequate Therapeutic diet: a diet used as a medical treatment; modifying a diet usually means adding or taking away specific nutrients or calories in a diet, or changing the consistency (pureed, etc) 3. List the six classes of essential nutrients - Carbohydrates - Fats - Protein - Vitamins - Minerals - Water 4. Differentiate water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins 3 Water-Soluble: body is not readily able to store, and gene&ll¥ excreted iq 'the urine; daily intake B Vitamins and Vitamin ¢« \C 14 BOAX (anoes Fat-Soluble: absorbed from the intestine, and can be stored in the body, can lead to toxicity T ViaminA D E andK | et Y0 { 5 List the functions and food sources of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. Proteins: provide the building blocks for blood and bone, and are a structural part of every cell, Essential for tissue growth, repair, and wound healing - Food Sources: : ’ ‘-C’_9_n_1_91§1fl: contains all nine essential amino acids for the body’s needs (ng& P 1t S, & oducts \/ oultry, Eh, nfl cheese, eggs. and soy pr ) 29 avind 06 N