hia630 wk3 discussion1
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School
Ashford University *
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Course
630
Subject
Health Science
Date
Nov 24, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by mewood2305
Part 1:
Nominal Level Measurement
Differentiates among
interpretations in regards to kind
or quality
Doesn’t specify the quantity
variable
It’s a dichotomous classification
based upon certain
characteristics that are or are not
present
Ex.-Place of birth, ethnicity,
race, marital status
Ordinal Level Measurement
Differentiates among
interpretations regarding relative
amounts
If one contains either the same,
more or less as the other
Placed in hierarchical order
Strategy is direct comparison
Ex.- Rating job satisfaction on a
1-10 scale
In-Interval Level Measurement
The integers form a range that
delivers info regarding the
quantity of difference
The scale lacks a zero
Alterations among the adjacent
numbers would be unknown or
equal
Ex.-The temperature scales are
Celsius and Fahrenheit. 0-
Degree Fahrenheit or 0-Degree
Celsius don’t indicate there to be
an absence in temperature.
Ratio Scales
Characteristics of interval scales
and a true zero
Absence of characteristic that is
measured
The physical characteristics of
objects and individuals are able
to be measured in a ratio scale
Ex.- Height and Weight. A zero
would mean that there is a
complete absence of weight and
height
Measurement Reliability
It’s a measurement that is free
from a random error
Obtains outcomes when the true
value would be constant.
Validity measures accurately the
construct that it’s intended to
It’s free of both systematic or
random error
It’s important to have validity
and reliability with research as
they make sure the data is
reliable and replicable and
accurate
Being reliable is needed but isn’t
sufficient for validity, having a
valid measurement is also
reliable
Part 2:
In the last several years, there have been multiple circumstances like evidence-
based healthcare culture, patient-centered actions, and quality-linked incentives
that are associated to the essential increase of having financial constraints and the
pressures of healthcare budgets that have resulted in there being a growing
awareness from the policymakers from growing pharmacists’ roles regarding
patient care. Several studies have been able to demonstrate positive therapeutic
results that are associated with pharmaceutical services throughout the range of
diseases. There is evidence of the economic impact that the pharmacist are
lowering for the total number of health expenses, societal financial costs, and
unneeded services or care would rely on the well-performed, transparent, and
reliable economic assessments that are scarce (Tonin, et al., 2021).
Dependent Variable
Economic impact on expenses
Independent Variable
The pharmacists
Level of Measurement-Ordinal
The evaluation is done by using
methodological input. By choosing
either option A or B by a decision tree
Reliability in Study
The study was reliable as they used a
cohort model of patients that they
described as Markov cohort model
(Tonin, et al., 2021).
Validity in Study
The study was valid as it used the
cohort model and showed a
hypothetical example of a analysis
decision tree
References
Tonin, F. S., Aznar-Lou, I., Pontinha, V. M., Pontarolo, R., & Fernandez-Llimos, F.
(2021). Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led
interventions. Pharmacy practice, 19(1), 2302.
https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.1.2302
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