Kaggle dataset (269)

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 3 Table of figures Figure 1: Issues faced in the healthcare sector of the UK ........................................... 8 Figure 2: Transactional leadership ............................................................................. 11 Figure 3: Transformational leadership ........................................................................ 14 Figure 4: Traditional Pyramidal Organizational Structure .......................................... 17 Figure 5: Scientific Approach ...................................................................................... 20 Figure 6: Effective implications of transformational leadership model in healthcare. 22 Figure 7: Transformational leadership theory ............................................................. 33 Page 3 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 6 closely correlated with successful managerial and leadership skills (Bolden et al., 2023). Patients obtain excellent treatment when healthcare organisations are successfully led and controlled, and this in turn increases contentment and improves people's general health. Professional healthcare executives and administrators may have an indirect impact on patient rates of mortality ( Bailey and Burhouse, 2019 ). They can reduce negative outcomes and patient mortality by fostering an expectation of safety, improving surgical techniques, and ensuring the competency of healthcare professionals. It has been recognised that there is a prevalence of diverse issues in the healthcare sector which has intensified the need for leaders and managers (Monje et al., 2020). But both the concept is distinctive and cannot be regarded as one. Helping a group of people to become inspired constitutes one of a leader's main duties. This entails assisting people to feel confident, achieving their goals, and appreciating their work. Staff members who are more committed are more inclined to provide superior patient care. Increased care quality results from inspired healthcare personnel who are devoted to their line of work ( Alqahtani et al., 2021 ). Individuals receive quality treatment by obtaining treatment from a team of professionals who are committed to their well-being. Differentiating responsibilities of Manager and Leader From the aspect of the healthcare sector, leaders and managers play complementary yet distinct roles in order to ensure the effective quality and functioning of healthcare facilities. Although the roles of leaders and managers overlap with each other, there are some key differences among their particular responsibilities that make them apart from each other (Tomlinson and Imbeau, 2023) . In order to recognize the responsibility of managers, it has been found that they are mainly responsible for operating day-to-day functions for conducting various types of healthcare facilities. On the other side, healthcare leaders are mainly responsible for guiding and inspiring their teams to acquire the goals or shared vision. In this regard, it has been found that resource allocation can be considered one of the prime responsibilities of healthcare managers (Boselie et al ., 2021) . They are involved with allocating proper resources effectively for maintaining staffing levels, equipment procurements and managing budgets. In this context, the Page 6 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 9 Figure 1: Issues faced in the healthcare sector of the UK (Source: Zhao et al ., 2019 ) Employee turnover rate: The “ National Health Services” of the UK encounter an exceeding turnover rate of the employee, which is partially an outcome of the aforementioned staff shortage and underfunding. Analysing the current data, it has been observed that the overall turnover rate of the employee has increased b y 41.5% in 2023 in the UK ( Rodriguez et al. 2020) . In this regard, it has been found that high turnover hindered the continuity and overall effectiveness of care due to the additional impulses that have been faced by the remaining workers of the healthcare. In this way, the high turnover rate of employees is responsible for raising dissatisfaction within the organisation at the time of providing healthcare facilities. Treatment costs and rising demands: Due to the increasing predominance of chronic disease, technological improvements in the medical sector and the ageing population, the healthcare system of European countries experiences rising demands. These factors, merged with the emerging cost of pharmaceuticals and healthcare technologies, impose immense forces on the financial sustainability of the systems. Over the last few years, it has been found that the overall cost of the treatment rose by 53.1%, which hindered the healthcare facilities of this sector. Cost-of-living and health inequalities: Health inequalities continue in the country of the UK, resulting in several types of critical issues as well as disparities in accessing health care. Those identified disparities are associated with several types of socioeconomic factors, which make it critical for providing effective healthcare facilities (Wong et al. , 2020) . Along with this, the emerging cost of living, involving basic and housing necessities, can facilitate these inequalities found in the healthcare sectors by limiting the ability of the individual to follow proper treatment plans or afford effective care. In this regard, an efficient manager or leader in this particular healthcare sector must concentrate on optimising the procedures by ensuring that the overall flow of the organisation is effective in terms of providing patient care and services ( Wu et al., 2020 ). Page 9 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 12 employees. Yet some of the advantages and disadvantages are faced by healthcare units. Advantages Disadvantages ● Specific standards and requirements are established for their employees by transactional leaders who excel in the healthcare sector ( Nickerson, 2023.) . The clarity, as mentioned above, reduces uncertainty as well as the possibility of mistakes in patient care by assisting healthcare workers in understanding their roles and duties ( Almheiri et al. , 2022) . ● A disciplined, orderly workplace is encouraged by transactional leadership. This organised strategy helps improve the safety of patients as well as compliance with regulations in the healthcare industry, wherein accuracy and commitment to procedures are vital ( Anwer et al ., 2022) . ● Transactional executives frequently place a strong emphasis on adherence to rules and regulations already in place. This has the potential to be a big benefit in the healthcare industry, where compliance with regulations is essential for patient ● The main sources of motivation for transactional leaders are outside factors, including incentives and penalties. This strategy could result in lower employee engagement as well as employment pleasure in the healthcare industry, wherein intrinsic drive and a feeling of responsibility are crucial ( Ahmed Iqbal et al. , 2021) . ● Although they possess an the opportunity to enhance the treatment of patients, new practices, technology, or ideas may be met with resistance or hesitation by transactional leaders ( AlOwais, 2019) . The inability of healthcare organisations to readily adjust to changing conditions in healthcare may be caused by this reluctance to change. ● Transactional leaders could be resistant to transformation or take a long time to adopt novel procedures, tools, or medical paradigms. This makes it more difficult for healthcare Page 12 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 15 interdisciplinary approach to achieve the desired result. ● This leadership format also protects from reacting and engaging the staff to understand the initial cause of the health- related issue ( Jermsittiparsert, 2020) . ● This also allows the implementation of creativity and innovation among the employees to generate new initiatives to improve health issues. ● The team management is made effective, making the team work more collaborative in nature. This enhances the teamwork in the healthcare unit ( Bwalya, 2023) . ● This leadership approach practises personal enhancement. In the healthcare unit, personal enhancement supports in understanding the issue-related emergency issues faced in the organisation. ● Healthcare is a profession that is continually expanding, including transformational leaders are frequently better at fostering creativity and adjusting to changes related to medical procedures, legislation, and ● As continuous motivation is practised in the organisation, this increases stress and workload, hampering the outcome of the healthcare unit. ● This leadership approach needs to be revised for the crisis management situation in the healthcare organisation ( Badr El- Deen et al ., 2021) . ● Time management in this leadership needs to be more manageable, which causes damage to the processing of the healthcare unit. ● This approach is too stable in nature; it doesn't support changes in the healthcare unit. This firm mostly requires adapting changes based on the situation of the patients ( Lai et al ., 2020) . ● Almost all healthcare settings or circumstances may be ideal for leadership that transforms. For compliance and safety purposes, a more prescriptive approach to management may be necessary in healthcare organisations that have strict or hierarchical regulations. ● Leaders who are transformational Page 15 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 18 Advantages and disadvantages of Traditional Pyramidal Organisational Structure Traditional pyramidal organisational models, sometimes known as pyramidal or administrative structures, offer strengths and problems specific to the healthcare industry, as well as numerous other sectors: Advantages Disadvantages ● "The pyramidal structure" establishes an obvious chain of authority, including duties and obligations for every level of management ( Wang et al ., 2022) . The decision-making process and responsibility may be simplified as a result of this transparency. ● Normally, data moves vertically down an organisation's structure from top to bottom. This managerial theory can guarantee that essential choices and instructions are successfully disseminated across the whole organisation ( Badr El-Deen and Ali, 2021) . ● Professionals are frequently organised by speciality or operation, which promotes specialisation and the growth of competence in certain healthcare fields. This may result in better treatment being provided in certain locations. ● In a hierarchical framework, ● Excessive bureaucracy brought on by organisational structures may slow down decision-making. This may be harmful, particularly in areas related to healthcare when prompt choices are crucial. ● The tight structure may prevent healthcare workers from being innovative and creative since smaller-scale staff members may not have much say in how decisions are made. ● Healthcare organisations with pyramidal organisational arrangements may find it difficult to adjust to alterations in the needs of patients, technological advances, or healthcare regulations. Development and adaptability can be hampered by a reluctance to alter ( Jermsittiparsert, 2020) . ● Repetition may occur from the pyramidal structure's use of numerous tiers of authority in making choices. This Page 18 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 21 Advantages and disadvantages of Scientific Approach A scientific approach to medical services, which entails using scientific approaches as well as concepts to comprehend, identify, and treat health-related problems, has both benefits and drawbacks. The scientific method is a cornerstone of health care as well as has several benefits, such as evidence-based decision-making, precision, and ongoing progress. Nevertheless, it also poses difficulties in terms of the necessity for appropriate data processing, the number of variables, ethical issues, and resource constraints. For health to be efficient and moral, these aspects must be balanced. Advantages Disadvantages ● Incorporating the scientific approach methods like observation, experimentation, and analysis can derive the actual issues the workers face, which further creates obstacles in maintaining the effective and timely delivery of outputs ( Gardeazabal et al., 2023 ). ● Harmonious relation between each individual project and enhanced productions. The observation aspects help to mitigate problems and issues, further enhancing the bonding between the workers. ● The scientific approach is a process that is duly processed through detailed observation and experimentation ( Alrjoub et al., 2023 ). The control aspects can be projected efficiently. ● High costs of implementations. Small firms and medium businesses need help to derive beneficial aspects from this particular firm in an adequate manner and process. ● Creating efficiency in the workforce required certain changes in task management and other aspects. This might project a negative outlook in front of the whole business workforce ( Namazi and Rezaei, 2023 ). ● The constant control disrupts the workers' behaviour, further facilitating reduced business productivity. ● It has been regarded that implementing this model tends to demotivate staff by over- pressuring. Continuous scrutiny can demotivate aspects within Page 21 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 22 ● The scientific method may be used by healthcare organisations to continuously evaluate and enhance their procedures and methods. Improved patient care, greater safety, and more effective processes are the results of this. the workforce, further reducing productivity ( Hariyati et al., 2023 ). ● It can be time, money, as well as labour-intensive to conduct scientific studies and gather data. This can occasionally restrict its use, particularly in hospital settings with limited resources. Page 22 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 23 The Implication of Leadership and Management Models and Theories Figure 6: Effective implications of transformational leadership model in healthcare (Source: Lai et al., 2020) Leadership and management theories and models in the healthcare systems play an important role in outlining the ways that most of the organisation architects structure, guide, and operate their processes. The main importance of healthcare leadership and management is to improve the quality of care. Transformational leaders in the healthcare sector inspire and motivate all the staff members to do their best and help to ameliorate healthcare organisations’ profitability (Lai et al., 2020). Similarly other models od leadership and management also have cosnderble role in terms of handling issues of healthcare. All the Page 23 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 24 models and theories that are used in this sector provide effective frameworks and guidance to realise and practice management and leadership. With the assistance of these models and theories, leadership usually entails improving, sustaining, or transforming strategic directions in simple or complex, small or large organizations ( Yamin, 2020 ). Some of the important implications of the leadership as well as management models are Effective decision-making: Implications of different leadership and management models emphasise the significance of various rational decision-making processes ( Almheiri and Omar, 2022 ). All these models and theories assist managers and leaders in making important, informed decisions in the vicinity of considering so many important factors like risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, and SWOT analysis. Effective decision-making will help the neurorehabilitation team improve patients' emotional, physical, and social quality of life ( Anwer et al., 2022 ). Leadership styles: In the healthcare sector, different leadership styles and theories like transactional leadership, transformational leadership, as well as servant leadership propose insights into many leadership styles that deeply impact on organisational activities and culture ( Almheiri and Omar, 2022 ). It has been noticed that leaders can easily adapt their styles depending on current situations and the requirements of their teams. Effective leadership is always integral to the standard of the healthcare system. Organisational structure: It proposes different structures for the organisations. Traditional models highlight a top-down approach in the company of a clear chain of organisational improvements. Selected organisational culture determines the flow of manners and streams to empower delegations and responsibilities to acquire organisational goals ( Decuypere and Schaufeli, 2020 ). Implications of leadership and management models help to foster the processes of organisational innovation and strengthen the standards of decision-making to enhance cross-organised collaboration. In the neurorehabilitation team, perfect organisational structure is very important because it has been noticed that the leadership and management model is the most famous gold standard for the team ( Benmira and Agboola, 2021 ). Motivation and employee engagement: Different leadership and management theories like “ Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs ”, “ Self-determination theory ”, and “Herzberg’s two-factor theory” provide insight into the ways which lead the ways that the leaders create to make the workplace environment more motivating ( Alqahtani et Page 24 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 25 al., 2021 ). In this proposed case, employee engagement is required to implement effective strategies to create a better effective work culture and improve the quality of care to the neuro patients. Change management: It has been noticed that different types of change management models, like “Kotter’s 8-step model, Lewin’s Change Management Model, etc. propose a structured approach to monitor organisational changes. Change management is one of the most important leadership lessons, and an experienced leader has learned about organisational change management from various past experiences ( Camuffo et al., 2020 ). Conflict resolution: Leaders and managers can use conflict-resolution-related models in order to perfect conflict resolution strategies ( Figueroa et al., 2019 ). For instance, in the neurorehabilitation team conflict management is an effective step for the management teams and leaders otherwise if any conflicts have been raised, it creates difficulties in the organisation. Continuous improvement: Different types of management models like ‘ Six Sigma’, ‘TQM Model (Total quality management model)’, etc., always focus on regular improvement as well as mitigating all the possible barriers ( Teame et al., 2022 ). Organisational efficiencies and standards are enhanced through continuous improvement. On the other hand, it can also be said that continuous improvement proposes a sustainable approach towards enhancing the quality of care along with good patient outcomes ( Specchia et al., 2021 ). Ethical leadership: It emphasises the significance of moral values, principles, and ethics in healthcare leadership. All healthcare leaders who are heeded by ethical leadership principles can develop integrity, trust, and a positive organisational environment ( Stein Backes et al., 2022 ). In the neurorehabilitation team, it helps to create a psychologically safe, secure, and positive work atmosphere for all the healthcare staff. Cultural and global considerations Leadership as well as management models, have been considered to focus on the effectiveness of different management and leadership practices ( Stein Backes et al., 2022 ). There are so many cross-cultural models that help leaders plot a route to the challenge of guiding diverse teams within the globalised world. Page 25 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 26 Human factors, change management, emotional intelligence, education, and commissioning are just a few of the aspects of healthcare that have profound implications for different leadership as well as management models and theories, involving "transformational and transactional leadership", "situational leadership, and traditional pyramid management". Let's investigate these implications in each of these areas: Human factor Human factors play an important role in the implications of management and leadership theories and models in healthcare organisations ( Nielsen et al., 2019 ). With the assistance of transformational leadership styles, leaders can foster organisational innovation and focus on bringing about changes that will assist the organisation in enhancing their business towards the ways of achieving future success. With encouraging an atmosphere of involvement, enthusiasm, and cooperation among healthcare workers, transformational leaders can favourably affect human factors. Improvements in collaboration, interaction, and patient safety may result from this. Transactional leadership might emphasise following set norms and processes, which can improve the reliability and uniformity of healthcare systems while reducing human error. Considering implication of management theory reflects that the main focus of scientific management concepts is on streamlining and improving procedures. This may result in more standardised and effective practises in the medical field, possibly lowering the likelihood of human mistakes. Clear hierarchies and duties may be emphasised in traditional pyramid theory of management, which can aid in establishing responsibility for human variables and encourage adherence to set norms. Change management: Healthcare organisations continuously focus on improving their activities and adapting the latest technologies, practices, patients’ needs, and regulations to foster organisational transformation ( Lundmark et al., 2022 ). On behalf of the successful implementation of leadership theories and models, effective change management is necessary. It has been noticed that the change management system within the healthcare organisation fits into the healthcare management and leadership contexts Page 26 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 27 through facilitating organisational changes, engaging all the relevant stakeholders, reducing the resistance powers, focusing on training sessions, and skills development, sustainability, and so on ( Sabbah et al., 2020 ). A change management system helps to understand the organisational changes, plan changes, and communications changes. These methodologies provide a structured approach in order to implement many changes and ensure the adaptive capability of the organisational staff ( Fenta Kebede et al., 2023 ). Continuous engagement with important stakeholders is important for ameliorating organisational effectiveness. In the healthcare sector, administrative staff, healthcare professionals, external partners, and clients are the important stakeholders in the change process. Especially in the healthcare setting, all the staff carefully invest most of their time in establishing various practices ( Teame et al., 2022 ). Leadership and management theories help healthcare authorities to know the values and importance of different healthcare-related tools, processes, and technologies. Both training and skill development plans are involved in it to ensure improved change management systems in healthcare professionals. All healthcare organisations should have to ensure the quality of care and patient safety, and both healthcare organisations and leaders should have to ensure that organisational changes do not follow any compromises on these ( Verawati and Hartono, 2020 ). Besides this, it has also been noticed that in healthcare, organisational changes most of the time intersect with different regulatory requirements. By focusing on important people components of the change management system, a leader can realise the readiness of the organisational changes as well as monitor the resistance that is unavoidable in the company to any human changes, whether it is organisational or individual ( Weygand et al., 2020 ). Above all, organisational change exhibits all the human factors that govern organisational changes, like concerns about organisational competence, loss of face, past resentments, fear of additional work, etc. ( Abdisalamovich, 2023 ). Leaders and managers should be prepared to take the Initiatives and manage the changes of several emerging challenges like crises in the public healthcare system. Transformational leaders play the comprehensive role of excellent agents of change by frequently inspiring and motivating medical personnel to accept and advance change. They may be crucial at every level of change management, from comprehension and strategy to execution Page 27 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 28 and communication. Transactional leaders are probably less likely to spearhead change, but they may help to make sure that changes are carried out in compliance with established guidelines and norms. Considering the emphasis on analysing and developing procedures to effectively adapt to shifting circumstances, scientific management could provide an organised strategy for adapting management. It might not, nevertheless, naturally tackle the social as well as cultural dimensions of transformation. While considering the “traditional pyramid management theory having the top-down method of change administration supporting hierarchical management systems, leading to making choices which are conveyed and carried via obvious channels of instruction, can be facilitated. Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is important during the implications of healthcare management and leadership theories in the healthcare sector. All healthcare leaders and managers with high emotional intelligence skills are better trained to easily navigate difficulties and develop patient-centred treatments. Emotional bits of intelligence are significant for healthcare management and leadership through following effective communication, improving conflict resolution, building trust, providing emotional support, adaptability, and patient-centred care. It has been noticed that healthcare leaders and managers with high emotional intelligence can effectively interact with patients, staff, and other stakeholders ( Muharam, 2023 ). Having high emotional intelligence skills, they have experiences of active listening, tailoring communication, and emphasising with others to fulfil the demands as well as requirements of individuals. On the other hand, like other healthcare, in neurorehabilitation, trust is a rudimentary element in the middle of healthcare providers, staff, and patients. Managers and leaders with high emotional intelligence can develop and maintain trust in the vicinity by demonstrating empathy, integrity, and authenticity in their communications ( Specchia et al., 2021 ). Trust is important for patient compliance and collaborative teamwork. Healthcare is such a sector that rapidly adapts to the changes in regulations and technologies together with treatment modalities. In an effective leader, emotional intelligence is such a skill that the leaders control their emotions Page 28 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 29 and help the team members effectively participate in the organisational changes ( Sabbah et al., 2020 ). In the neurorehabilitation team, emotional intelligence should have to be implied through different experiences, implications of models and theories in order to develop self-awareness, social skills, self-regulation, etc. Transformational leaders are frequently those who possess great emotional intelligence. They may be more sympathetic and more able to comprehend the emotional requirements that motivate their collaborators, which may improve teamwork as well as worker wellbeing. Transactional leaders could put more importance on task-oriented management facets and less attention on emotional intelligence. Individuals can still gain from honing their mental processing abilities, though. Emotional intelligence is often not emphasised in scientific management. It is still possible for administrators to improve their emotional intelligence abilities in order to more effectively comprehend and help their people. Comparable with scientific management, conventional pyramid management does not always place a strong emphasis on emotional intelligence; nonetheless, managers might seek to enhance team relationships and communication by focusing on the development of these abilities. Education - Workforce Education provides the formal learning process that is important in overall organisational development. During the implication of different healthcare management and leadership-related theories and models, workforce education is mandatory to highlight those theories' values and importance ( Hlavka, 2020 ). Otherwise, it creates difficulties for healthcare providers, patients, and staff; leaders will need to be clear about their duties as well as responsibilities. Training Workforce training is the process which highlights all the practical skills and competencies to the individuals to assemble them for tasks and particular job roles within the organisation. Workforce training can include technical training, vocational training, etc., based on healthcare organisations' latest technologies, tools, and practices ( Ahmed Iqbal et al., 2021 ). Through proper training, healthcare leaders Page 29 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 30 would learn how effectively evidence shreds are accumulated, analysed, realised, and utilised. A transformational leade r may place a high priority on their staff' ongoing education and training. By promoting an environment of learning and offering opportunities for training and development, healthcare leaders may encourage worker education. Transactional leaders might make sure that training and instruction adhere to accepted norms and rules. They may help ensure that the necessary academic criteria are met. Induction Induction is as popular as onboarding, and it is a way of integrating new staff into the organisation. This is a way of introducing the company's culture and policies, colleagues and team members, and job-related activities ( Almheiri et al. , 2022) . During the implications of different healthcare theories and models, this educational process is important to become aware to all the organisational staff aware of the importance of those leadership models and theories. The goal behind organising this type of training session in the neurorehabilitation team is to help the new staff feel productive and comfortable in their job roles ( Basheer et al ., 2021) . It ensures that all the new employees are taken action on their performances, expectations, as well as the culture of the healthcare organisations. In order to optimise processes, scientific management may place a strong emphasis on training and education. For increasing employee competency, managers may make sure that any educational initiatives are in line with enhancements to the process. Traditional management buildings, such as the pyramid model, can supervise the execution of education, instruction, as well as refresher programmes to guarantee healthcare workers adhere to regulations and standards of excellence requirements. Refresher training This is the type of an ongoing training that proposes the ways that all the employees should have to follow to know details about the healthcare leadership and management theories and models ( Basheer et al ., 2021) . Refresher training is always important for those of organisations where technologies, regulations, or best activities are frequently changed. This educational process in the workplace will help the employees to maintain their competence and stay updated with the Page 30 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 31 organisational transformations ( Ghori et al ., 2022) . In summary, it can be said that refresher training, induction, workforce training and education are all essential elements of a complete approach towards workforce development. All these elements work cooperatively to ensure the employees' relevant skills and knowledge to maintain and stay up-to-date in their roles ( Wang et al ., 2022) . Commissioning - Service Provision Being proactive and targeting all the achievable projects, in the context of educational workforce training sessions, “ commissioning ” proposes the process of procuring, planning, and overviewing the service deliveries to meet the training as well as educational needs ( Wang et al ., 2022) . Commissioning works by following the ways of service specification, assessment needs, contracting, procurement, quality assurances, feedback collections, and performance evaluations. Moreover, the commissioning process ensures services by focusing on improvements and changes in the organisational activities and culture. In the implications of healthcare leadership and management theories and principles, the commissioning process plays a significant role in optimising resource allocation, maintaining regulatory compliance, and fostering the ways of stakeholder engagements ( Buckley et al., 2023 ). Proactively recognising opportunities for operational change and development, aligning the organisation with workable initiatives, and motivating people to seek excellence as well as creativity constitute all skills that transformational leaders may use.Transactional leaders make sure that current initiatives and offerings are delivered effectively and efficiently while adhering to established regulations and processes. Improvement The commissioning process highlights effectiveness, continuous improvements, and efficiencies in this sector by following the ways of delivering high-quality and tailored services that fulfil the needs of communities and organisations ( Yunike et al., 2023 ). Commissioning helps to develop healthcare leadership skills and experiences that Page 31 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 32 help to influence the standards of healthcare activities through equipping staff with different relevant skills and methods, building innovative management structures and supporting improvements, and establishing an organisational culture to promote ways of solving possible problems and issues ( Cartwright, 2023) . Change In the implication of healthcare leadership theories and models, measuring change is important to evaluate the potentialities of different leadership strategies ( Heath and Montori, 2023 ). It has been noticed that commissioning provides an important tool for establishing performance indicators and clear goals, together with aligning benchmarks in the company of various leadership objectives. With the assistance of this process, improvements in patient outcomes, cost savings, and enhancements in staff morale can be easily tracked ( Heath and Montori, 2023 ). Above all, data-driven insights and regular evaluations enable all the leaders to ensure tier strategies to drive meaningful changes, align the essential needs of all the patients and the healthcare organisation, and ameliorate as well as develop the healthcare delivery systems. It is regarded that by maximising resource allocation and workflow, scientific management concepts may support effective service delivery. The proactive focus of realistic initiatives, enhancement, or significant modifications in healthcare services, nevertheless, might not naturally be addressed by it. Strategic scheduling and making choices around licencing and service supply might include considering the traditional pyramid management theory. Projects aiming at enhancing and transforming healthcare services can be managed by managers. Conclusion In conclusion, to maintain effectiveness in operations, any healthcare organisation should have to follow effective leadership and management skills. The importance of successful leadership and management for assessing the standard of healthcare services as well as the results for patients justifies investigating leadership as well as management theories in the setting of social and medical care, involving their effects on interpersonal factors along with education. In order to recognise the responsibility Page 32 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 33 of healthcare managers and leaders, it has been found that they are mainly responsible for operating day-to-day functions for conducting various types of healthcare facilities. The promotion of effective collaboration and communication among healthcare experts or professionals is another type of significant liability of the leaders that enhances the patient care system. This study also discusses all the possible issues that the UK's health and social care systems have faced. Employee turnover rate, staff shortage together with chronic underfunding, increase in treatment costs, cost-of-livings and healthcare inequalities are the issues that the UK's healthcare leaders and managers have to face. Ultimately, it empowers different healthcare professionals to thrive in the ways of a rapidly changing environment when prioritising the patients' health outcomes. Suggesting the Most Effective Theory “ Transformational Leadership Theory " is the most effective leadership theory in the healthcare sector. By following this leadership theory, healthcare managers and leaders can focus on empowering all the staff members to initiate several changes that transform the ways of better healthcare activities. Transformational leadership will give healthcare and nursing staff to remain confident in different decision-making processes ( Monje-Amor et al., 2020 ). This helps to involve workers to maintain workflow and outline organisational achievements. It inspires all the employees to easily endeavour all the required expectations to focus on an organisational vision that highlights extrinsic motivation in order to maintain a shared organisational vision. Page 33 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 34 Figure 7: Transformational leadership theory (Source: Monje-Amor et al., 2020 ) It encourages all the team members to easily cope with all the motivation of environmental challenges that stay together. This theory totally focuses on fostering innovation, creating a shared vision, and promoting organisational culture in regard to continuous improvements (Lai et al., 2020). In healthcare organisations, there are several reasons why this transformational leadership style's effectiveness is increasing daily. This type of leader in the healthcare organisation articulates a compelling vision to focus on the future of its patient care system. It inspires and motivates healthcare professionals to focus on the highest quality care, enhance entire healthcare experiences, and improve patient outcomes. Transformational leaders' empowerment and continuous learning nature help them to keep up-to-date with best practices and the latest medical advancements ( Monje-Amor et al., 2020 ). Page 34 of 43

Exploring the Key Elements in Healthcare Leadership 35 Above all, transformational leadership positively sheds light on the overall performances of healthcare organisations by increasing patients' satisfaction, improving patient outcomes, and proposing better results towards organisational financial outcomes. Page 35 of 43

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