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Health Science

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Jun 27, 2024

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HORT*1120 FINAL EXAM Unit 10: Red Wine 1. Why is fully ripened fruit more critical for red wine making than white? (3 marks) For red winemaking, fully ripened fruit is more important than white, as the pigments and tannins found in red grape skins are what give red wine its colour, flavour, and texture. As red grapes ripen, their skin gradually softens and becomes more translucent, facilitating the extraction of pigments and tannins during the fermentation process. If the grapes are not fully ripe, the skin might not be mature enough to make a high-quality wine, resulting in a wine lacking in body, colour, and flavour. 2. How does a winemaker put their own personal signature into a wine when making red wine? (6 marks) Ultimately, by making choices during the winemaking process that reflect their distinct taste, wisdom, and philosophy, winemakers can leave their distinctive mark on red wine. These choices may all affect the wine's flavour, texture, and personality. They can aid in creating a wine that is unique and reflects the winemaker's personal style, including when to harvest, how to ferment, how long to age oak, and how to combine. 3. Why is Beaujolais nouveau unique as a red wine? (4 marks) Because the entire grape is fermented in an environment high in carbon dioxide to produce a fruity wine, Beaujolais Nouveau is a unique type of red wine. This aging process uses a variety that is only found in the French Beaujolais region and is not matured in wood barrels. Beaujolais Nouveau, with its unique grape varietal, carbonic maceration method, limited aging, and light and fruity taste, is a distinctive and much-anticipated wine each year. 4. What is unique about Sherry, Port and Madeira that makes them difficult to make outside Spain, Portugal and the Madeira Islands?? (6 marks) Fortified wines such as Madeira, Port, and Sherry are made with special techniques that are closely related to the regions in which they are grown. Making them outside of Spain, Portugal, and the Madeira Islands is difficult as a result. Because each region has unique grape varietals, production methods, and climatic conditions, it is generally challenging to replicate the flavours and characteristics of Sherry, Port, and Madeira outside of Spain, Portugal, and the Madeira Islands. Although some producers have attempted to produce similar wines in other parts of the world, these often fail to fully capture the unique terroir and winemaking customs that characterize these renowned wines.

5. Explain why Cabernet sauvignon can produce similar wine worldwide but Pinot noir does not. (6 marks) Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir are two of the most widely grown red grape varieties worldwide, and they both produce high-quality wines with unique flavour profiles. Contrarily, Cabernet Sauvignon is usually considered a more international grape variety, but Pinot Noir is more site-specific and can produce a wide range of wines depending on where it is grown. All things considered, Cabernet Sauvignon may produce comparable wine worldwide since it is a hardy grape variety that is less susceptible to variations in growing conditions and winemaking techniques. However, Pinot Noir is more site-specific, requiring precise conditions for growth as well as specific winemaking techniques in order to produce a high-quality wine with a distinct flavour profile. For this reason, Pinot Noir is sometimes regarded as a more challenging grape variety to work with, but, with correct cultivation and preparation, it can produce some of the most nuanced and delicate wines on the planet. Unit 6: Vine Balance 1. What fundamental production factors determine an economically successful vineyard? (2 marks) The location of the vineyard, the grape varieties chosen, vineyard management strategies, and the timing of harvest are all essential production factors that define an economically successful vineyard. The quality and yield of the grapes can be significantly impacted by the soil, climate, and elevation of the vineyard's site. To enhance grape productivity and quality, some efficient vineyard management practices include pruning, irrigation, fertilizer, and insect control. The grape harvest's timing can significantly impact the maturity, sugar content, and overall quality of the grapes, and it can be critical to the financial viability of a vineyard. By carefully considering important production characteristics, vineyard owners can help ensure the financial stability of their business. 2. How does vigorous late season (late summer) shoot growth affect berry composition and ripening? (5 marks) The late-season shoot growth has a major impact on the ripening and composition of berries. The ripening process and berry composition can be affected by late-season shoot development in a number of ways, such as dilution, delayed or uneven ripening, increased acidity, or diminished phenolic ripeness. Late-season shoot development can negatively affect

grape quality and ripening, thus, vineyard managers may need to inhibit it in order to achieve the appropriate grape composition and maturity. 3. How do you physically measure canopy density when assessing vineyard balance? (6 marks) Because canopy density may have an impact on grape quality and output, it is crucial to consider this while taking into account vineyard balance. For instance, the plant canopy analyzer calculates the quantity of light that filters through the canopy, the leaf area index measures the area of the leaves, and other psychological techniques for assessing canopy density in vineyards include digital picture analysis and visual estimation. Digital image analysis is a method for figuring out the canopy density using high-resolution photos of the vineyard and canopy. To calculate the percentage of the image that is covered in vegetation. Canopy density can be assessed and evaluated in a number of ways to make sure that the balance of the vineyard is fully understood and to help direct management decisions. 4. What are some planting and planning errors made during vineyard establishment that can eventually affect vine balance? (6 marks) For vine balance, that is, the balance between the vines' vegetative growth and fruit production, vineyard setup is a crucial period. A vine's balance can be impacted by a variety of planting and planning mistakes, including inadequate soil management, irrigation, inappropriate trellis system design, incorrect vine spacing, and incorrect grape pruning. Achieving optimal grapevine growth and fruit production can be facilitated by avoiding planting and design errors, as these might compromise vine balance during vineyard setup. 5. How can water management (adding more or adding less) be used to improve an unbalanced vineyard? (6 marks) Water management is vital to maintaining the plants' equilibrium in a vineyard. An uneven vineyard can be improved by precision irrigation techniques, including mulching the crops, tracking soil moisture, controlling soil drainage, and using sprinklers to help move water. Deficit irrigation also helps manage vine vigour. In order to prevent waterlogging and other moisture-related issues that affect vine balance, proper drainage is essential. Water management and balanced vines can be improved using techniques such as tile drainage and contouring. Water management is vital to maintaining the plants' equilibrium in a vineyard. These techniques help vineyard managers maintain optimal grape yield while improving the productivity and health of their vines.

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