Narration Transcript Final Project 8034

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Final Project: Narration Transcript Dr. Leischner PUBH 8034 4/15/2024

Environmental Health : Local to Global (Slide:1) On behalf of Group B team members, I hope that everyone is having a fantastic day. Group B Team of public health specialists are here today to address a public health emergency involving the emission of methylene chloride and mercury from a manufacturing industry. Addressing a Public Health Emergency Involving the Emission of Two Chemicals: Methylene Chloride & Mercury Group B Staff Members: Marites L. Calinawan: Facilitator, Human Exposure Information, Prevention Information. Kerrine Mclean- Wilkie: Monitoring, Evaluation. Parvaneh Zare: Hazard Investigation, Social Change. Alexandra Teresa Hapenny: Innovative Solutions, Narration Transcript, Systems Thinking Tool. Rasheed Adeola Mumin: Title Slide and Objectives/Creative Aspects of Scenario, References and Citations. Objectives of the Presentation: (Slide 1) Objectives of this Presentation: This presentation dives into the environmental health concern with clarity and profoundness. It talks about two hazardous chemicals: Mercury and Methylene Chloride. It outlines specific issues like health hazards and associated health risks. It highlights possible ways to prevent exposure of the chemical to the environment, it also dives into the innovative ways to collaborate with local agencies to help prevent negative outcomes from the exposure of these chemicals. You would be informed on the monitoring plans for community health status, as well as an evaluation framework highlighting outcomes and methodological strengths and limitations. The presentation concludes by placing the local issue within a broader societal context, advocating for positive change. Diagnose and Investigate: Hazards and Health Issues (Slide 1)

Mercury: mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses significant environmental and health risks. One of the primary environmental health issues related to mercury is its widespread presence in the environment due to both natural processes and human activities. Mercury exists in various forms, including elemental (metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury, and organic mercury. Chemicals/Hazards Present: The main chemical of concern in mercury exposure is methylmercury, which is formed when mercury is released into the environment and undergoes methylation by microorganisms. Methylmercury bioaccumulates in aquatic food chains, leading to higher concentrations in fish and seafood. Health Issues Caused: Exposure to mercury, especially methylmercury, can have severe health effects on humans. It primarily targets the nervous system and can lead to neurological disorders, developmental delays in children exposed prenatally, cognitive impairment, and other adverse health concerns. Fate/Transport: Mercury can cycle between air, water, and soil through various processes like volatilization, deposition, and methylation, and also bioaccumulation. Once released into the environment, mercury can travel long distances through the atmosphere and being deposited back onto land or water bodies. Environmental & Biological Persistence: Mercury is a persistent environmental contaminant due to its ability to cycle between different environmental components. In aquatic environments, methylmercury can persist for a long time and stay in the food chain. In biological systems, once ingested or absorbed, mercury can accumulate in tissues and remain there for extended periods. Environmental Health issues to mercury is it’s like a cycle basically. Diagnose and Investigate: (Slide 2) Methylene chloride, also known as dichloromethane, is a volatile organic compound commonly used as a solvent in various industrial processes such as paint stripping, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and metal cleaning. While it has several industrial applications,

exposure to the methylene chloride can pose significant environmental and health issues. Chemicals/Hazards Present: Methylene chloride is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet odor. When it enters the environment through industrial discharges or improper disposal, it can contaminate air, water, and soil. Health Issues, the people can get exposed to the methylene chloride can lead various health issues, including respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, damaging the nervous system, depression. And also who has the really high level of exposure they can get the lung damage, or liver damage or cancer. Fate and Transport: Methylene chloride released into the environment can undergo evaporation into the atmosphere due to the volatile nature. Once in the air, it can be transferred over long distances before eventually degrading through reactions with other chemicals or sunlight. Environmental & Biological Persistence: Methylene chloride has moderate persistence in the environment. In water bodies, it can accumulate in the sediments and persist for extended periods. In biological systems, methylene chloride can be metabolized into carbon dioxide and excreted from the body over time to its toxic and potentially widespread exposure. So proper handling and disposal practices are essentially reducing the risk and protecting both humans and the environment . Potential Risks of Human Exposure: ( Slide 1) The potential risk for human exposure for Methylene Chloride or Dichloromethane is it’s health effects on workers’ exposure to industrial manufacturers of paint removal and bathtub refinishing with stripping agents, pharmaceutical manufacturing, metal cleaning, and degreasing as stated by Occupational Safety and Hazard Information (OSHA), 2013). OSHA (2013) added that long- term exposure through inhalation and skin absorption may cause human cancers, such as liver, lung, breast, and salivary glands (OSHA, 2013). The known dose response for dichloromethane may cause antispasmodic and relaxant effects on rats’ digestive tract system precontracted with

carbachol or potassium chloride (Beyi et al., 2023). With this I was not able to look for any articles on human exposure, but this is the known dose response effect on rat’s digestive tract system. Potential Risks of Human Exposure: ( Slide 2) For Mercury, potential risks for human exposure according to (Falta, 2022) industrial factories dump mercury into a flowing body of water, leading to contaminated water where fishermen catch fish for consumers. A heavy metal that settles or is deposited with rain or snow when it vaporizes and moves into the atmosphere. It becomes concentrated in the muscles of fish, which people eat. It is found in large saltwater fish (tuna or swordfish) or freshwater fish (bass or pike). Infants in utero can be exposed to mercury consumed by the mother, causing mental retardation, cerebral palsy, deafness, and blindness. High-level exposure causes “Mad Hatter Syndrome” with signs and symptoms of excitability, delirium, and hallucinations. Known dose response: a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (i.e. ischemic heart disease) and stroke (Hu et al., 2021). Informing the Community: Strategies useful to community members to prevent adverse health outcomes: (Slide 1) The next slides will discuss strategies useful to community members to prevent adverse health outcomes. For methylene chloride, OSHA training on methylene chloride hazard communication and personal protective equipment hazard standards as recommended by (OSHA, 2013). Safe work practices include adequate ventilation, respiratory protection, protective clothing, and equipment (OSHA, 2013). Use alternative or less hazardous chemicals or methods to eliminate methylene chloride also as recommended by (OSHA, 2013). (Lynch et

al., 2023) recommended occupational risk assessments focusing on occupational chemical exposure as recommended by the United States EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act or TSCA. This approach aids in preventing the mischaracterization of exposures and current industrial practices in identifying occupational exposures. Informing the Community: Strategies useful to community members to prevent adverse health outcomes: (Slide 2) For Mercury, education information recommendations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and US Food and Drug Administration (USDA) on fish consumption for pregnant women or plan to become pregnant (Falta, 2022). Public health advisories directed to recreational fishermen about the health risks associated with mercury- contaminated fish (Falta, 2022). Education on preventative measures acquired through long-term inhalation exposure and skin absorption about the hazardous health effects of mercury, these were all cited from (Falta, 2022). The other strategy is genetic testing of people who had chronic exposure through intake of contaminated fish causes damage to the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and also (Crespo-Lopez et al., 2023) added that genetic testing can be done through the use of single base polymorphisms (SNPs) genes to check proteins responsible for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion; and interactions with molecular targets and adverse effects of mercury (Crespo-Lopez et al., 2023). Innovative Solutions : Methylene Chloride (Slide 1) Reduce, limit, or if possible, prohibit the production, and disbursement of methylene chloride in all public use. Reduce/ limit industrial and commercial use. Create strict safety standards in work environments workplace so the remaining uses of methylene chloride do not

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