GRAHAM Lab5_Glaciers
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Lab 5- Glaciers
GEOL 1122
Before answering the questions for each section, make sure you have watched the video(s). After you have completed this worksheet, save it and upload it to the assignment folder for Lab 5 in iCollege.
Lab Objectives
At the end of this labs, students should be able to:
Understand how glaciers form and the anatomy of a glacier
Describe how and why glaciers move
Compare a kitchen model of glaciers to the actual movement of glaciers
Explain the physical interactions between ice and the ground and how glaciers shape the landscape
Identify glacial landscape features in areas that no longer contain glaciers
Part 1: Introduction
To answer these questions, first watch the “Lab 5, Part 1: Introduction” video on iCollege
1.
Hypothesize: what matters more in determine if glaciers exist: summer or winter temperatures?
Why? (4 pts)
I hypothesize summer temperatures matters more because glaciers essentially can exist anywhere that is cold enough, all year, so summer temperatures need to low enough all year around.
2.
How is a glacier different from a snowy field? (4 pts)
A glacier is different from a snowy field because of te difference of air that is composed within these two things. Snow has much more air in it, about 90%, while glaciers are created by the upper layers compacting to form the ice, disturbing the air, causing less to be part of it. 3.
Why are most glaciers on Earth located at high latitudes (near the poles)? (2 pts)
Most of the glaciers on Earth are located at high latitudes such as the poles because they stay cold with losts of snow all year round which is what helps glacier continue to get bigger.
4.
In the context of climate change, describe what is happening to the zone of accumulation and the zone of ablation in glaciers today? (6 pts)
The zone of accumulation isn’t growing at the same rate the zone of ablation is melting which shrinking the glaciers of today overtime. 5.
If the zone of accumulation expands, what happens to the line of equilibrium? What happens to
the size of the glacier?
(4 pts)
If the zone of accumulation expands than the line of equilibrium moves further downhill, making the size of the glacier get smaller. Part 2: Glacial Flow
Watch the linked YouTube video “How Do Glaciers Move” from 2:40 to 5:22 to answer these questions
6.
Why is the bottom of the glacier under the most pressure? (2 pts)
The bottom of a glacier is under the most pressure due to the upper layers of snow that eventually become ice. With all the upper layers, that amount snow that becomes ice applies a lot pressure, thus making the first bottom layer to be under a lot of pressure. 7.
What is the difference between the zone of plastic flow and the zone of brittle flow? (4 pts)
The difference is the zone of plastic is the closest to bedrock and experiences a lot of pressure
while the zone of brittle is around 150 ft in the upper levels no the glacier and doesnt have much pressure.
8.
Why do crevasses form? (2 pts)
Crevasses form by the zone of britte flow experience a lot of pressure and leave deep open cracks within the glacier.
9.
Why do glaciers move? (4 pts)
Glaciers move via the process of deforming. Part 3: Kitchen Glacier
Watch the “Lab 5: Part 3: Kitchen Glacier” video on iCollege to answer these questions. Instructions are given in the video if you want to build your own glacier!
10. What do you observe about the ooblek? (2 pts)
Ooblek only moves when it isn’t being touched, however, once pressure is applied to the substance, it hardens and doesn’t move. 11. Looking at the experimental setup, write three hypotheses of what you think might happen. Explain WHY you think each might happen. (6 pts)
I hypothesize that the ooblek with flow down the makeshift hill - Because the ooblek will have no pressure being applied to it and the typography of the foil isn’t too bad
I hypothesize that the food colored in ooblek will leave traces in between the foil. - the food coloring will be dragged by the thinning of the ooblek but won’t be able to mix thoroughly with the substance.
I hypothesize the oobleck with spread out through the whole plane of the foil. - the typography isn’t too harsh so the substance will be able yo cover everything. 12. After the experiment, evaluate if each of your hypotheses were correct or not. If they were wrong, brainstorm why. (6 pts)
The ooblek ended up getting to the bottom like I thought because of how thin it is
Unfortunately, the food coloring flowed pretty well with the ooblek so it didn’t get stuck between
the foil like I thought.
The oobleck didn't spread through the whole foil, but it didn't spread pretty well, just not as much
as I thought.
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13. Use the final time and distance to calculate the velocity of the kitchen glacier in cm/second. How does that compare to the velocity of Mendenhall Glacier from the previous video? Make sure to show your work! (6 pts) Hint: you will need to convert units, so here’s some help:
To go from seconds to days, multiply by 86,400
To go from inches to meters, divide by 39.4
Kitchen glacier = 40.64 cm/20 secs. 1 in = 2.54 cm, so, 2.54 cm x 16 = 40.64
Mendenhall Glacier = 3,0002.28 cm/31,536,000 secs. 1m = 39.4 in, so, 39.4 in x 30 = 1,182. 1,182 x 2.54 cm = 3,002.28 cm. And there are 31,536,000 seconds in one year. Part 4: Glacial Landforms
Watch the “Glacial Landforms” video to answer these questions. 14. Describe how glaciers cause erosion. (4 pts)
As glaciers spread over the land, they changed the shape of the land. As they do that, they scrape away at the surface, causing rock and sediment to erode, carrying it from one place to another, and leaving it somewhere else. 15. What is the difference between a V-shaped valley and a U-shaped valley? (4 pts)
The difference between a V-shaped valley and a U-shaped valley is that V-shaped valleys usually
are caused by rivers while a combination of plucking and abrasion causes U-shaped valleys to deepen and widen. 16. Would you expect to see glacial landforms in Atlanta? Why or why not? (6 pts)
No, because Atlanta doesn’t stay cold enough, nor does it snow for glaciers to form. When you have finished answering all of these questions, make sure you save this file with your last name at the beginning of the file name and upload it to the correct iCollege Assignment folder!