EOSC 114_Practice Midterm 2 2023W2

1 EOSC 114 MIDTERM 2 EXAMPLE BASED ON 2016 EXAMS REMINDER OF EXAM POLICY: 1. Each student must be prepared to produce, upon request, a UBC card for identification. 2. Students suspected of any of the following, or similar, dishonest practices shall be immediately dismissed from the examination and shall be liable to disciplinary action:  having at the place of writing any books, papers or memoranda, calculators, computers, sound or image players/recorders/transmitters (including telephones), or other memory aid devices, other than those authorized by the examiners;  speaking or communicating with other candidates;  purposely exposing written papers to the view of other candidates or imaging devices. The plea of accident or forgetfulness shall not be received. 3. Students must hand in all midterm materials. For more details and UBC Policy on Student Conduct During Exams – use this link http://www.calendar.ubc.ca/vancouver/index.cfm?tree=3,41,90,0 PLEASE NOTE – Answer keys are not provided, because that makes you less likely to learn from them. The reason is that students who memorize answers to past exams usually earn lower grades than those who study the subject material. We want you to learn the material.

2 1. At a divergent margin, what conditions are most likely to result in an earthquake? A) Plastic deformation under the influence of tensional forces. B) Brittle deformation under the influence of compressional forces. C) Elastic deformation under the influence of shearing forces. D) Elastic deformation under the influence of compressional forces. E) Brittle deformation under the influence of tensional forces. 2. When we refer to lithospheric plates, we are talking about ________. A) ductile rocks above the rigid asthenosphere B) everything above the outer core C) rigid parts of the lower mantle D) compositionally uniform portions of the crust E) rigid parts of the upper mantle and crust 3. Convergent plate margins are dominantly associated with ____________. A) normal faults B) reverse faults C) strike‐slip faults D) no faults, only earthquakes E) no faults and no earthquakes 4. Which of the following hazards would NOT be associated with earthquakes in the Himalayas? A) Tsunami B) Landslides C) Building Collapse D) Liquefaction E) Fires 5. If two M w 7 earthquakes were felt in Vancouver, with the epicenter of the first being 100 km away and the second being 10 km away, the difference of intensity of the earthquakes is likely to be: A) first is more intense than the second B) second is more intense than the first C) they both have the same intensity D) it would depend how much energy is released E) it would depend on what time of day they struck 6. Faulting and earthquakes are examples of _________. A) brittle behaviour B) elastic behaviour C) ductile behaviour D) A and B E) A and C

4 10. You are in the Lower Mainland when a M w 9.2 megathrust earthquake hits off the coast of Vancouver Island. Which of the following places would be the most dangerous to be, and why? A) An open field in Surrey, because the ground could crack open and swallow you up. B) Over in North Vancouver, because the liquefaction risk is extremely high. C) In Delta, because of high risk of landslides caused by the earthquake. D) Downtown Vancouver, because of material falling off of sky scrapers. E) In a wooden single‐family home, because wood performs poorly in earthquakes and the house will turn into a pile of rubble. 11. An earthquake hits directly underneath Vancouver at a depth of 10 km, with a M w of 7.1. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the earthquake and its effects? A) The Modified Mercalli index number will be higher in North Vancouver than in Richmond. B) The duration of shaking will be longer in North Vancouver than in Richmond. C) You will be immune to liquefaction hazards in False Creek because you live in a high‐rise, newly built, condo tower. D) The earthquake will generate a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean affecting the west Coast of Vancouver Island. E) Older masonry buildings will be more heavily damaged than either newer taller buildings or wooden houses. 12. If an earthquake occurs, you should be ready to do which of the following, both during and after the earthquake? A) Get under a sturdy table or desk to avoid objects falling on your head. B) Be without help for at least 3 days. C) Stop making yourself a sandwich and get out of the kitchen. D) Get away from old masonry buildings if outside. E) All of the above. 13. P‐waves travel through the Earth at ~6km/s, at what speed do S‐waves travel? A) ~1.5 km/s B) ~3.5 km/s C) ~5.5 km/s D) ~7.5 km/s E) ~9.5 km/s 14. Which of the following statements about earthquakes is TRUE ? A) Magnitude is a measure of the damage caused by an earthquake. B) Intensity is a measure of the amount of ground displacement during an earthquake. C) Magnitude and intensity are always the same as each other D) Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake E) Intensity is a measure of the speed of the earthquake waves 15. Which of the following observed precursors is useful for predicting earthquakes? A) Strange animal behaviour. B) Radon emissions. C) Water table changes. D) All of the above, precursors are very useful for earthquake prediction. E) None of the above, precursors are not useful for earthquake prediction.

5 16. What type of explosive eruption was the 79 AD eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, which buried Pompeii and Herculaneum? A) Strombolian B) Plinean C) Phreatomagmatic D) Vulcanian E) Stratovolcanic 17. Which of the following volcanic hazards can occur WITHOUT an accompanying eruption? A) lava flow B) volcanic ash cloud C) pyroclastic flow D) lahar E) volcanic bombs 18. The shape of a shield volcano is the result of many eruptions of ______________ viscosity _______ A) high; mafic lavas B) high; felsic lavas C) low; mafic lavas D) low; felsic lavas E) high; felsic pyroclasts 19. The 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens was a VEI of 5, erupting ~1 km 3 of tephra. The Mt Pinatubo eruption of 1991 was a VEI of 6, approximately how much tephra was erupted during the Mt Pinatubo eruption? A) <1 km 3 B) ~1 km 3 C) ~10 km 3 D) ~100km 3 E) None, Mt Pinatubo erupted only lavas 20. Which of the following does NOT depend on the chemical composition of an extrusive igneous rock/lava? A) Crystal size B) Melting temperature C) Mineralogy D) Viscosity E) Solidification temperature 21. Which of the following monitoring methods is used to detect the volume and type of gas being emitted by a volcano? A) A GPS network B) Tiltmeters C) InSAR D) FTIR E) Seismic monitoring 22. If you were put in charge of starting a monitoring program for a newly discovered dormant stratovolcano showing renewed signs of activity, what should be your order of priorities? A) Seismometers, global positioning systems, mapping of previous hazards, tiltmeters B) Global positioning systems, seismometers, mapping of previous hazards, tiltmeters C) Seismometers, global positioning systems, tiltmeters, mapping of previous hazards D) Seismometers, tiltmeters, global positioning systems, mapping of previous hazards E) Mapping of previous hazards, seismometers, global positioning systems, tiltmeters 23. Explosive eruptions disperse tephra as______________. A) lava flows and domes B) lava flows and pyroclastic flows C) fall out and domes D) fall out and lava flows E) fall out and ballistics

7 29. This diagram represents volcanoes formed by a mantle plume under an oceanic plate. Numbers represent ages of volcanoes in Millions of years. Toward which direction is the oceanic plate moving? A) Northeast B) Northwest C) Southeast D) Southwest E) The plate is not moving 30. A high silica igneous rock with large interlocking crystals is called a(n) ___________. A) basalt B) rhyolite C) andesite D) granite E) gabbro ‐‐THE END‐‐ 7 4 2.5 1 N