Lab 6 Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism Online Supplement Answers
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Georgia State University *
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16092
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Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Lab 6: Spring 2024
Lab 6: Plate Tectonics and Metamorphic Rocks
Online Supplement
Student Name: __Brandon Lee_______
(For TA Use) Raw score_____/190
Points______/100
To complete this lab, find supplied materials in eLC (where you got this file) in the folder Assignment Lab 6: Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Due Thursday at 6 pm. Use a word processor to modify this file and type in your responses. Whatever word processor you use,
save your work as a PDF or Word Doc and upload it to eLC.
Write down questions that develop and ask your TA during your F2F or Zoom time as scheduled for the
normal meeting time of the lab. Your Zoom meeting link will be posted via eLC announcement. A
recording will be posted as a link to eLC after class time if you do not attend.
Familiarize yourself with the slides in eLC
and watch any videos linked
. Linked videos are in your slideshows AND on this worksheet. Answer the questions below to receive credit. Items are not necessarily in order, so you will have to do some searching and remember where you have found things and go back to them.
In lab 4 we learned about igneous rocks, which are the result of cooling of magma. In lab 5, we learned about how heat and pressure are part of turning loose sediments into cemented sedimentary rocks. In this lab, we will learn about how all rocks are susceptible to becoming heated and pressurized by plate tectonic processes to the point of deforming those rocks. In lab 1, you manipulated Oreo’s in ways that broke the cookies and squeezed the creamy filling. There is some resemblance between rocks getting broken (by faults) and squeezed and molded through heat and pressure to form metamorphic rocks, which you have heard a little about in the Mica Mine video and the Enchanted Mountain video. As tectonic plates collide, rocks that used to be one type of rock can be cooked and squeezed into entirely new types of rocks: metamorphic rocks. Limestone becomes marble, granite becomes gneiss, and through such alterations, many physical and chemical changes can occur to produce a complicated array
of new and interesting rocks and rock textures. Follow and read these two links: Here is a basic run-down from the United States Geological Survey
on metamorphic rocks.
A description of foliation
.
Your Slides has a link to a “Metamorphism in One Minute” video that can help get you started.
Lab 6: Spring 2024
Use the linked websites above, what you learned from your TA and any videos assigned in the Powerpoint slides to answer the following questions. You may have to return to labs from previous weeks and re-watch those videos.
1)
(5 points) What minerals in the schist at the Mica Mine are oriented into planes? The minerals in schist at the Mica Mine that are oriented into planes typically include mica minerals such as muscovite and biotite, as well as other minerals like chlorite and graphite. These minerals tend to align themselves parallel to the foliation or layering within the schist, resulting in distinct planes of orientation.
2)
(5 points) At Enchanted Rock Texas, what process was said to have formed the country rock that the granite of Enchanted Rock intruded into? The country rock that the granite of Enchanted Rock intruded into is believed to have formed through the process of regional metamorphism. This means that the original rocks were subjected to high temperatures and pressures over a large area, causing them to undergo metamorphic changes and forming the characteristic features observed in the country rock surrounding the granite intrusion.
3)
What type of rock is this? (4 point)
Muscovite Schist 4)
Is this rock igneous, metamorphic or
sedimentary? (4 point) Metamorphic
5)
What texture does this rock (below) have? (4 point) Muscovite schist typically exhibits a foliated texture. Foliation refers to the parallel alignment of mineral grains or minerals within the rock, giving it a layered or banded appearance. This texture results from the intense pressure and temperature conditions during metamorphism, which cause the minerals to recrystallize and align themselves perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress. The presence of mica minerals like muscovite contributes significantly to the foliation in muscovite schist, as these platy minerals tend to align parallel to each other,
creating the characteristic foliated texture.
Lab 6: Spring 2024
6)
What is the name of this type of rock? (4 point) Gneiss
7)
Is this rock igneous or metamorphic? (4 point) Metamorphic
160 points
The following activity requires you to go online and visit vft.asu.edu
Select “Grand Canyon” (adaptive lesson enabled), which has an image of canyon walls and blue sky behind them. Once you select Grand Canyon, click the big green button at the top right of the picture below. “Click here to Explore this VFT”.
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Lab 6: Spring 2024
After clicking the green button, you will see
this title page ->> Click Next.
Notice this “Unguided Exploration”:
You will do this in later in the class in a few weeks.
Today’s objective: Complete Mystery of Blacktail
Canyon.
This is a canyon deep in the bottom of the Grand
Canyon that is only accessible from white water
rafting trips (120 miles-worth up to this point) or
several days of extreme hiking.
Blacktail Canyon is a narrow slot canyon in Grand
Canyon National Park. In slot canyons like these,
moving up or downstream can be exceeding difficult.
The bedrock of the canyon at this point is the
Cambrian-age Tapeats Sandstone and recent river
action has been eroding this slot canyon. Below the
Tapeats Sandstone, the heavily foliated metamorphic
rocks, some of the oldest in the western U.S., are
exposed by this same process of river carving. This
VFT explores what those rocks look like in detail.
After the Blacktail VFT loads
, a white box will open
and prompt you for your first name. Enter your full
name
(this will be part of your graded work later).
Follow the Online directions
Once you have entered the VFT, the program will
guide you through the next steps. Your lab
coordinator Dr. Andy Darling has been to the field site
Figure 1. Blacktail Canyon: Photo of Dr. Darling, in 2012.
Lab 6: Spring 2024
of Blacktail Canyon many times. If you have questions that are not answered in the VFT, you may contact him to ask. Grading
Remember that all UGA students are bound by an honor code that goes as follows: “I will be academically honest in all of my academic work and will not tolerate academic dishonesty of others.” – Student Government Association, May 1st, 1997. Each student is expected to complete the VFT on their own using class items given to them and the materials in the VFT. The VFT will grade your work for you
and it is your responsibility to upload proof of
your completion and the numerical grade you earned in the VFT
. If you are not satisfied with your score
the first time, you may redo the activity and upload the better grade. There is a “Restart Lesson” button in the VFT itself. The directions tell you how to find it.
Here’s what you will turn in:
Capture a screen shot of your completion certificate
. Your TA will convert the grade from the VFT into a lab assignment grade out of 100 points. Clues for better use of the VFT.
Grab a piece of paper and take notes about what you are hearing and looking at.There is also a digital notepad you can use in the VFT or you could use a program on your computer.
Navigating Pictures: Each photograph is taken in very high resolution. Click the round camera symbols to blow them up, then click to zoom in more and out more.
As you explore Blacktail Canyon, you will need to watch all of the videos.
Lab 6: Spring 2024
Three of the scientists interviewed in the videos, Dr. Steven Semken, Dr. Karl Karlstrom and Dr. Laura Crossey, are all internationally known experts on the Grand Canyon and have studied the regions geology for more than 30 years each. Be sure to watch all of the videos. They will speak of things like unconformities and ages of rocks, identifying foliation and layering in the field.
Questions?
You should review previous labs and reading material
to be sure you can match up what you learned about before to the discussion in these videos. Your teaching assistant can help with general questions. If you have specific questions about Grand Canyon or Black Tail canyon that are not answered in the VFT, contact your lab coordinator, Dr. Darling.
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