Geology_ Chapter 7 Flashcards _ Quizlet-pages_5-5
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Geology: Chapter 7 Flashcards | Quizlet
https://quizlet.com/214775822/geology-chapter-7-flash-cards/
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Turbulent, underwater masses of flowing
sand, mud, and water are called _____
currents.
turbidity
Sedimentary environments on land differ
because of variations in _____.
- local geology
- topography
- amount of water
By studying ancient sedimentary rocks,
scientists can better understand modern _____
processes.
environmental
The most common clastic sedimentary rocks
are made of the clasts that are _____.
fine grained (smaller than sand)
Match the nonclastic sedimentary rock with
the process by which it typically forms.
- rock salt and gypsum: evaporation
- dolostone: chemical replacement
- chert and iron-rich formations: precipitation
The angular clasts typical of breccia indicate
what about the distance of transport?
it represent a short distance of transport
Identify the factors that strongly influence
the size, shape and/or sorting of
sedimentary clasts.
- strength of current
- sediment supply
- steepness of slope
- agents of transport
The _____ of a sediment particle is affected by
transportation as abrasion removes the
rough edges and creates a rounder
fragment.
shape
This type of carbonate rock is formed when
magnesium replaces calcium in limestone to
form a different mineral.
dolostone
A soft, very fine-grained limestone formed
via the accumulation of the calcium
carbonate remains of microorganisms is
known as _____.
chalk
Limestone is formed _____ by organisms such
as coral that extract calcium cabonate from
the water to form their shells and skeletons.
- in reefs
- in seawater
- in oceans
Most of the exposed surface of Earth is
covered with _____.
sediment and sedimentary rock
Compaction causes sediment to become
_____.
- more compact
- more dense
Travertine is a type of _____ that forms through
precipitation in springs, lakes, and caves.
limestone
A sandstone with a history that can be traced
to beach deposits will likely include sand
and _____.
- pebbles and larger clasts
- pieces of shells
Geology: Chapter 7
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