MassWasting_Lab_Spr21version

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Chaffey College *

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95498

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Geology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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37

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Lab: Six types of mass wasting (landslides)* 1) avalanche - fastest 2) rockslide or landslide 3) rock fall 4) debris flow 5) slump 6) creep – slowest Reference: https ://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1325/pdf/Sections/Section1.pdf *Note – there is great variability in geology in how mass wasting terms are defined and used.
1) Avalanche Avalanches are large sudden releases of rocks on very steep mountain slopes. Avalanches release such massive amounts of rocks that they can entrain or compress air and that causes them ride out great horizontal distances. In rare cases, the original layering of the mountain rocks has been preserved miles away in the avalanche deposit which proves that the avalanche rode on compressed air. This is seen in the Blackhawk avalanche in the San Bernardino Mountains. The avalanche shown on the right is Mt. Steele in Alaska from 2007. Yukon Geological Survey
2) Rockslide – when a sheet of rock or land (soil, vegetation and loose rock) slides down a steep slope; in this photo, a sheet of sandstone rock broke loose and slid down a very steeply inclined slope; this occurred in Moab, Utah in 2019. Utah Highway Patrol
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2) Landslide – an earthquake triggered this landslide in New Zealand where rocks, soil and plants slid down the mountainside blocking a road, railroad and tunnels. TRT World
3) Rock fall – is when rocks fall off of cliffs or very steep slopes by gravity free fall; this happens frequently in our local mountains so that the county uses snowplows to push the rocks to the side of the road
4) Debris flow – this is when water, dirt, rocks, trees and in this photo household junk flows downslope after heavy rains; this picture was taken in Mt. Baldy after a thunderstorm in 2014. Debris flows can also be called mud flows or earth flows but they all involve lots of water.
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5) Slump – this is when a spoon shaped piece of land made of softer sediments slips downward and tends to rotate backwards – compare this to a tired student slumping and sliding down in their seat. This photo was taken near San Pedro at “Sunken City” where the old concrete road and foundations have slid downward with a bit of rotation. The soft cliffs here are made of sand from ancient beaches.
6) Creep – is the slowest of all movements and is caused by gravity slowly pulling soil, vegetation, fence posts and rock down hill. Creep occurs on all slopes even though it may not be as visible as these tilted fence posts show.
Directions for questions 1-6. Match the following 6 diagrams to one of the following mass wasting terms: avalanche, landslide, rock fall, debris flow, slump or creep.
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Question 1: B.C. Geology.gov
Question 2
Question 3 B.C. Geology.gov
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Question 4
Question 5 B.C. Geology.gov
Question 6 Heavy rain falling USGS
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Directions for questions 7-12. Match each of the following pictures to one of the following words: avalanche, landslide, rock fall, debris flow, slump or creep.
Question 7:
Question 8 USGS
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Question 9:
Question 10 Research Gate 2012
Question 11
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Question 12
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Directions for 13-16 Engineers have developed structures and equipment to lessen the danger from: landslides, rock falls, debris flows and creep . Match the following equipment to one of these four earth movements.
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Question 13: soil nails Sinorock.com
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Question 14: lcwconsult.com
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Question 15:
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Question 16: creep prevention bolts www.bosai-jp.org
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Match the following engineering repairs to the pictures in questions 17 -25. Friction piles Biotechnical slope stabilization Terracing/Benching Drainage Geo grid Sheet piling Shotcrete Rock bolts Retaining wall
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Question 17 (at Machu Picchu) Wikipedia
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Question 18 MLL Concrete
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Question 19
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Question 20
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Question 21 Public Works Research Institute
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Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24
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Question 25
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