Lab1 - PHSC2
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PHSC2
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Geology
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Dec 6, 2023
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The Study of Minerals – Lab 1
Esteban Salazar 10/23/2022
PHSC2 DUE DATE:10/23/2022
1)
Name the physical property(hardness, color, streak, etc.) described by each of the following statements.
Breaks along smooth planes – Cleavage Surface
Scratches glass:
Harder
Shines like a metal:
Luster
Scratching produces a red powder:
Streak
Looks like broken glass:
Fracture of mineral 2)
What term is used to describe the shape of a mineral that has three directions of cleavage that intersect at 90-degree angles?
Cubic Cleavage
3)
Describe the cleavage of the minerals listed below. Include the number of directions and degrees of cleavage angles(if appropriate).
Muscovite: 1 set of cleavage at (001) plane, Basel cleavage.
Calcite: 3 set of cleavage with angles of 74 degree 55’, rhombohedral cleavage.
Halite: 3 set of cleavage with angle of 90 degree cubic cleavage between sets.
Feldspar: 2 sets of cleavage with angle of 90 degree between cleaves sets.
4)
What physical feature most distinguishes biotite mica from muscovite mica?
Colors make it easier to tell biotite from muscovite. Biotite is dark-brown to brown in hue, while muscovite is white.
5)
Name a mineral that exhibits the physical properties listed below.
One direction of cleavage: Gypsum
Striations: pyrite, feldspar, quartz, chalcocite, sphalerite and tourmaline.
Multiple colors: blue Azurite, red Cinnabar, and green Malachite.
Cubic cleavage: halite
Nonmetallic, citreous luster: quartz
Fracture: quartz
Metallic luster: pyrite, magnetite and galena.
6)
Illustrates the common crystal from of the mineral fluorite and the characteristic shape of a cleaved sample of fluorite. Identify each specimen ( A or B) next to its appropriate description below.
Crystal form of fluorite:
Cubic Crystal System
Cleavage specimen of fluorite:
Octahedron (consist of 8 faces). 7)
Refer to the photo in Figure 1.33 to complete the following.
The Study of Minerals – Lab 1
a) Crystal Form - Cubic, with
Striated faces, Massive
b) Term applied to the lines in this sample - Striations
c) Mineral Identification - Pyrite 8)
A photo of agate, a variety of quartz composed of microscopically small crystals, is provided in Figure 1.34.Based on this image, describe the habit of this sample.
From the data shown in figure 1.34. A simple, cryptocrystalline silica mineral with limitations is the agate. The wonderful collected agate, like many types, is simple to locate. Agates often form in tiny knobs that collectors either clean
or cut open; larger agates are frequently divided into pieces that reveal a cross-section of the interior.
9)
If a mineral can be scratched by a penny but not by a human fingernail, what is its hardness on the Mihs scale?
The mineral has hardness of 2.5-6.5 on the Mohr scale of hardness. 10) What term is used to describe the tenacity of muscovite?
Elastic
11) Use the mineral identification key (see Figure 24) to identify a mineral that is nonmetallic, dark colored harder than glass, lacks cleavage, and is green in color.
The mineral is described as olivine because it lacks cleavage, is as hard as glass, is green in color, and is nonmetallic in origin.
12) 12. For each mineral listed below, list at least one diag- nostic property. (Refer to your mineral data sheet in Figure 23 or Figure 24, if necessary.)
Halite : Cleavage (perfect, 1, all sides; cubic) and solubility (also salty taste).
Galena : Color (steel gray), luster (metallic when fresh, later tarnishes to dull),
specific gravity (7.4 - 7.6), streak (steel gray) and cleavage (perfect; cubic).
Magnetite : Strongly magnetic, color (dark gray to black) and streak (black).
Muscovite : Cleavage (perfect), color (usually black, brown, or silver when specimen size is thicker; colorless, sometimes with a tint of brown, yellow, green, or rose when split into thin flakes).
Hematite : Streak (red/rust red), specific gravity (5.0 - 5.3).
Fluorite : Cleavage (perfect, 1, all sides), hardness (4), and specific gravity (3.2).
Talc : Color (green, white, gray, beige, colorless), softness (hardness=1), cleavage (perfect).
Graphite : Color (silver gray to black), streak (black), and specific gravity (2.1 - 2.3)
Calcite : Cleavage (perfect, rhombohedral, 3 sides) and twinning.
13) List the two most common rock-forming mineral groups.
The Study of Minerals – Lab 1
Silicate and Carbonate 14) Provide an economic use for each mineral listed below.
Galena: used in making batteries
Hematite: making radiation shielding, ballasts, heavy media separation
Graphite: Used as a lubricants, and batteries.
Sphalerite: Protective coating to prevent corrosions.
Gypsum: paints and textile as fillers.
Calcite: Soil, abrasive, and as pigmen
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