STUDENT ANSWER SHEET Make Up Lab 8 The Eruption of Sunset Crater_Wendlin.docx (1)
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Northern Arizona University *
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112L
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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Lab 8 Make Up- The Eruption of Sunset Crater
Virtual Field Trip
Use the virtual field trip on Bb Learn or any other online sources to answer the following
questions.
You must write your answers in your own words
- do not copy verbatim from the
field trip guide or the internet!
1.
Why does the basalt at Sunset Crater lack large crystals?
(8 points)
Basalt cools very quickly which causes them to lose out on minerals from growing larger.
2.
How do vesicles form in basalt and other volcanic rocks?
(8 points)
Das will escape from the lava and go into the air which goes into the bubbles which then freeze
within the rock itself.
3.
Why are some of the cinders and basalt rocks at Sunset Crater red, yellow, purple, and
green?
(8 points)
The cinders that are in the volcano's rims react to the vapors which are caused from the
eruptions. This causes them to change color.
4.
Describe the three steps in the formation of squeeze-ups.
(8 points)
1. Lava river
2. lava gets exposed to air which causes it solidify on the top
3. The crust starts to shrink and the lava seeps through the fractures
5.
What are the two essential ingredients for a cinder cone to form?
(8 points)
The two essential ingredients are lava with gas and pressure.
6.
How are cinders created?
(8 points)
Molten globs of lava are solidified before even touching the ground.
7.
How do lava tubes form?
(10 points)
Lava will stream downhill which causes it to harden on the surface and begin to form a roof over
the streaming lava.
8.
How do lava tubes allow lava to travel great distances?
(8 points)
Lava tubes can go for miles when coming from a vent point because of their long and straight
stature.
9.
Draw a cross section of what San Francisco Peaks likely looked like pre- and
post-eruption. If you have difficulty drawing the cross sectional views, you may include a
verbal description.
(8 points)
10. What is the difference between A’a and Pahoehoe lava flows? Which is more common
at Sunset Crater?
(10 points)
A’a lava flows are the most common at Sunset Crater because it is very rocky and has a basalt
core.
11. Is it likely that Sunset Crater will erupt again? Why or why not?
(8 points)
Cinder cones have a short lifespan so it is very unlikely that it will erupt again.
12. Is it likely there will be other eruptions in the San Francisco volcanic field?
(8 points)
The San Francisco Peaks are a stratovolcano which have a chance of erupting again.
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