Chapter 17 test
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Dec 6, 2023
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Chapter 17
Groynes (groins) are man-made structures extending from the
shore built to deflect the energy of waves due to rip tides – true or
false
Most of the eustatic sea-level rise occurred as a result of the
major melting phase of the North American and Eurasian Ice
Sheets – True or false
Eustatic sea-level changes are global sea-level changes related
either to changes in the volume of glacial ice on land or to
changes in the shape of the sea floor caused by plate tectonic
processes – True or false
The evolution of sandy depositional features on sea coasts is
primarily influenced by waves and currents – true or false
On coasts that are dominated by depositional processes, most of
the sediment deposited typically comes from the ocean – true or
false
Select the term that describes a mound of carbonate formed in
shallow tropical marine environments by corals, algae, and a wide
range of other organisms – Reef
Select all that apply. Which of the following accurately describes
eustatic sea-level changes? - relative sea-level change related to
the vertical motion of a crustal block caused by tectonic
processes
Why do large waves arrive on the shore less frequently than small
waves? Large waves have longer wavelengths
Select the term that describes the area of water of which wind
blows – fetch
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe a
tombolo?
it is a sand deposit connecting an island to a larger body of land
it forms in an area where there is reduced wave energy, so the
longshore current slows
it forms because of a baymouth bar
it forms when enough sediment accumulates to connect an island
to the mainland
Select the term that describes the horizontal distance between
two crests – wavelength
Select the term that describes the movement of water along a
shoreline produced by the approach of waves at an angle to the
shore – Longshore current
Which of the following accurately describes isostatic sea-level
changes?
local changes caused by subsidence or uplift of the crust related
either to changes in the amount of ice on the land, or to growth or
erosion of mountains.
Using what you have learned about the factors that cause waves
to form. Which of the following situations would you expect to
produce a larger wave? –
A short fetch with a moderate wind
a long fetch with a moderate wind
Select the term that describes the vertical distance between a
trough and a crest. – amplitude
What is the difference between the swash and the backwash?
The swash pushes sediment particles along the beach and the
backwash brings sediment particles straight back
Select the term that describes the near-shore zone where waves
are breaking into the surf. – surf zone
Which of the following statements accurately describes the
effects that winter and summer seasons have on a beach? - in the
summer, the sea conditions are calm. In the winter, the seas are
rougher.
Which of the following contributes to the formation of a spit? –
longshore current
Select the description that matches the term abyssal plains
the extremely flat surface of the deep ocean floor in areas
unaffected by plate tectonic processes and volcanism - not
answer
sedimentary particles that originated on a continent
the shallow and flat sub-marine extension of a continent
the flat surface of the deep ocean, typically beyond the limits of
the continental slopes
Which of the following does not play a role in creating currents in
the open ocean?
- wind moving across the water
terrigenous sediment
temperature differences – not answer
salinity differences
Which of the following components of the oceanic crust would you
expect to find on the uppermost layer?
ultramafic rock
pillows, breccias, and flows
igneous rock – not answer
sediments
Which of the following is not a main feature of the Pacific Ocean
floor?
The great plains
Variations in sea-surface temperatures are related to
redistribution of water by ocean currents. – true
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All terrestrial erosion products include a small proportion of
organic matter derived mostly from ocean plants. – false
Which of the following ocean zones is the deepest? –
abyssalpelagic
Which of the following does not describe the Coriolis effect?
it is the tendency for moving bodies to rotate on the surface of
the Earth
ocean currents move clockwise in the northern hemisphere – not
answer
it is deep Atlantic Ocean water that has descended in the far
north of the basin in the area between Scandinavia and Greenland
ocean currents move counter-clockwise in the southern
hemisphere
Select the description that matches the term ocean plains - the
extremely flat surface of the deep ocean floor in areas unaffected
by plate tectonic processes and volcanism. – true
Many tropical islands have associated reefs. Which of the
following statements describes a barrier reef?
a carbonate reef that forms a barrier to waves along a coast
a reef adjacent to a shoreline where there is either a very narrow
back reef area or none at all
a ring-shaped carbonate reef or series of islands – not answer
the extremely flat surface of the deep ocean floor
The thermohaline circulation is critically important to the transfer
of heat on Earth because it keeps polar regions from getting to
cold and tropical regions from getting too hot. – True
Although the temperature of the ocean surface water varies
widely, in most parts of the ocean the water temperature is
relatively constant. – true
Carbonate oozes are widely distributed in all of the oceans within
equatorial and mid-latitude regions where these organisms are
prolific. – true
The water that sinks in the areas of deep water formation in the
Norwegian Sea eventually resurface in the Indian Ocean. -true
The distribution of sources of sea-floor sediments types on the
ocean floor is the same throughout all oceans of the world. – false
Terrigenous sediments predominate near the continents and
within inland seas and large lakes. - True
The oceans are salty because river water that flows into the
oceans contains small amounts of dissolved ions, and for the most
part, the water that comes out of the oceans is the pure water
that evaporates from the surface. – true
Methane hydrate is a combination of water, ice, and methane in
which the methane is trapped inside “cages” in the ice. – true
Which of the following does not accurately describe sea floor
sediment? -
the material always comes from the same source,
with very little variability