Midterm Lab Done 2
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University of Idaho *
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101
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Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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15
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Fall 2023 GEOL 101L- Online Midterm Sec8on 1: Mineral and Rock Iden8fica8on (100 points) Instruc(ons: For 1-5, iden(fy the mineral based off of the image and listed characteris(cs. For 6-10, answer the listed ques(ons. For 11-15, iden(fy the rock based off of the image and any listed characteris(cs. For 15-20, answer the listed ques(ons. Note that the images are ALWAYS UNDER their associated ques(on number. 1.
Mineral Name: Amphibole Characteris(cs: - Non-metallic, dark-colored - Cleavage: 2 @ 60°/120° - will scratch glass plate, will be scratched BY steel nail - vitreous luster - splintery 2. Mineral Name: Cryptocrystalline Quartz Characteris(cs: - Non-metallic, light-colored - Waxy, dull luster - conchoidal fracture - can’t be scratched by steel nail
3. Mineral Name: Orthoclase Characteris(cs: - Non-metallic, light-colored - 90°/90° cleavage - exsolu(on lamellae - white streak 4.
Mineral Name: Galena Characteris(cs: - metallic - cubic cleavage - very high specific gravity - dark grey streak - can scratch with penny 5. Mineral Name: Muscovite Characteris(cs: - Non-metallic, light-colored - pearly luster - basal cleavage - can scratch with fingernail
6. What are the proper(es of gypsum? a. Luster: Non Metallic, Vitreous b. Cleavage: 1 direc(on Excellent Plane c. Formula: Hydrous CaSO4 7. What are the proper(es of chalcopyrite? a. Luster: Metallic b. Cleavage: poor cleavage c. Hardness: 3.5-4.0 d. Streak: greenish-black to dark gray 8. What are the proper(es of talc? a. Cleavage: 1 direc(on Excellent Plane b. Hardness: 1 c. Streak: white 9. What are the proper(es of sphalerite? a. Luster: resinous or pitchy b. Cleavage: 6 direc(ons at 120 degrees c. Hardness: 3.5-4.0 d. Streak: pale yellow 10. What are the proper(es of garnet? a. Luster: vitreous to resinous b. Cleavage: poor cleavage c. Hardness: 7 d. Streak: white 11. Igneous Rock Name: Perido(te
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12. Igneous Rock Name: Granite 13. Igneous Rock Name: Andesite Porphyry
14. Igneous Rock Name: Pumice *very lightweight 15. Sedimentary Rock Name: Quartz Sandstone *medium-sized grains 16. Sedimentary Rock Name: Coquina
*effervesces with HCl 17. Sedimentary Rock Name: Shale 18. Metamorphic Rock Name: Gneiss 19. Metamorphic Rock Name: Marble
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*effervesces with HCl 20. Metamorphic Rock Name: Schist Sec8on 2: Minerals (20 points) 1.
Define what a mineral is (remember there are 5 things to define a mineral) (10 points) A Mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid at room temperature, with a specific chemical composi(on and physical makeup. 2.
What is streak? (2 points)
Streak is the colored powder lei behind when a mineral is scraped or ground against something. In mineral iden(fica(on we use a special plate that makes the colored powder extremely visible in order to correctly iden(fy the mineral. 3.
Is color the best way to iden(fy a mineral? Why or why not? (2 points) Color is not the best way to iden(fy the mineral. This is because of color variability. Not only do lots of minerals have similar colors so it can be tricky to iden(fy but several minerals also have mul(ple chemical composi(ons. Meaning a sandstone for example could show up as a dark brown or it could show up as a red or even a gray. 4.
What is the most common mineral group in the crust? (1 point) a.
Na(ve Elements b.
Dark minerals c.
Silicates d.
Non-silicates 5.
True or False: Pyroxenes have 90°/90° cleavage while amphiboles have 60°/120° cleavage. (circle one) (1 point) 6.
True or False
: The most common minerals, like quartz, contain only one element. (circle one) (1 point) 7.
Minerals are (circle all that apply) (3 points) a.
Compounds b.
Can have an organic origin c.
Always have cleavage d.
Naturally occurring
e.
Essen8al to many modern technologies Sec8on 3: Rock Types (30 points) 1.
What is the difference between plutonic and volcanic rocks? (4 points)
Plutonic rocks form underground and cool slower while volcanic rocks form at the surface and cool rapidly. 2.
True or False
: Intrusive and volcanic igneous rocks are the same. (highlight one) (2 point) 3.
True or False
: About 95% of the Earth’s surface is composed of igneous rocks. (highlight one) (2 point) 4.
What are the 8 rock forming minerals? (8 points) Feldspar, Quartz, Garnet, Olivine, Calcite, Pyroxene, Micas, Amphibole 5.
A rock is felsic if it: (highlight all that apply) (2 points) a.
Generally has dark colored minerals b.
Has a lack of silica c.
Generally has light colored minerals d.
Has an abundance of silica e.
Has both olivine and quartz 6.
A rock composed of almost en(rely fossil fragments is called: (1 point) a.
Detrital b.
Clas(c c.
Bioclas8c d.
Chemical 7.
A rock consis(ng of dense plant remains would have formed in which environment? (1 point) a.
Swamp
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b.
Beach c.
Glacial d.
Deep Marine 8.
What are the characteris(cs of a breccia? (1point) a.
Contain angular rock fragments in a fine-grained matrix, well sorted b.
Contain rounded rock fragments in a fine-grained matrix, poorly sorted c.
Contain angular rock fragments in a fine-grained matrix, poorly sorted d.
Contain rounded rock fragments in a fine-grained matrix, well sorted 9.
What are the four major minerals or mineral/rock groups that compose the bulk of sedimentary rocks? (4 point) Quartz, calcite, clay minerals, and rock fragments. 10. What is Contact Metamorphism? (2 points) Contact metamorphism is a a process that occurs near igneous intrusions where the heat and fluid in the area alter rocks and form new minerals. 11.
True
or False: Metamorphic rocks can undergo recrystalliza(on when they experience high heat and/or pressure. (highlight one) (1 point) 12. Of regional and contact metamorphic rocks, _______________________ are the most widespread. (1 point) Regional 13. True or False
: you can find folia(on in all metamorphic rocks. (highlight one) (1 point) Sec8on 4: Tectonics (50 points):
Answer the ques(ons and follow the direc(ons.
1.
What is the difference between oceanic and con(nental crust? (5 points) The oceanic crust is thinner and more dense while the con(nental crust is thicker and less dense. The oceanic is made up of primarily basalt while the con(nental is made up of lots of different rock types. 2.
Refer to the figure above to answer the following ques(ons. highlight the best answer. Each ques8on is worth 2 points
. •
The type of plate boundary at loca(on “A” is: Divergent Convergent
Transform
•
The type of plate boundary at loca(on “B” is: Divergent
Convergent Transform
•
The type of plate boundary at loca(on “C” is: Divergent Convergent
Transform
•
The type of plate boundary at loca(on “D” is: Divergent Convergent Transform
•
What plate boundary has the deepest earthquakes? Divergent Convergent Transform
•
Subduc(on occurs at what boundary type: Divergent Convergent
Transform
•
Seafloor spreading occurs at what boundary type: Divergent
Convergent Transform
•
At divergent plate boundaries, lithospheric crust is: Created Destroyed Neither
•
At convergent plate boundaries, lithospheric crust is: Created Destroyed
Neither
•
At transform plate boundaries, lithospheric crust is: Created Destroyed Neither
The map below shows earthquake loca(ons and depths beneath the north island of New Zealand. These earthquakes occur along the boundary between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. Use the figure to answer ques(on 3-6.
3.
What type of plate boundary is present in the figure? (2 points) a.
Divergent b.
Convergent c.
Transform 4.
The earthquakes delineate (or suggest) a: (2points) a.
Subduc8on Zone b.
Rii Zone c.
Hot Spot 5.
What direc(on is the Pacific Plate moving rela(ve to the Australian Plate? (2 points)
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a.
SE b.
NE c.
SW d.
NW 6.
Which graph to the right of the map best represents the profile of the plate boundary along X-Y
? (Circle one) (2 points) Graph A Using the figure below, answer the following ques(ons: 7.
Which direc(on is the Juan de Fuca plate moving? (2 points) NE direc(on 8.
What plate boundary(ies) are present on the western side of the Juan de Fuca Plate? (4 points)
A convergent and a divergent plate boundary. 9.
The volcanoes of the Cascades are because of: (2 points) a.
A divergent plate boundary b.
Subduc8ng crust c.
A hotspot d.
They are mountains, not volcanoes 10.
Explain a single method that allows us to measure both the direc(on and rate of plate mo(on. (6 points) Distance along the plate boundary / age of the oldest minerals or rocks 11.
What are three lines of evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics? (3 points) The shape of con(nents fit together like puzzle pieces with would suggest that they were once connected. The distribu(on of similar fossils and mountain ranges are found in different parts of the planet. The seafloor ages display the same oceanic rocks on opposite sides of the planet sugges(ng that tectonic plates have been moving over (me. Bonus: (worth 5 points) 1.
What is the hardest mineral? (1 points) Diamond 2.
What role do micas have in folia(on of metamorphic rocks? (1 points) 3.
While hiking in the Sawtooth Mountains, you find a rock that has large smokey quartz crystals in feldspar, with dinner-plate sized books of muscovite. What would you iden(fy as the rock type, is it felsic or mafic, and did it form intrusively or extrusively? (3 points)
An igneous rock ,that is felsic, and formed intrusively.
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