Lab4_305_F_Barbour-A
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Queens University *
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Course
151
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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7
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Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 APSC 151 LAB 4 2021 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURES INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 20 marks PART A You have been provided with a geological cross section. Examine it and consider the rock types and ages of the units in the cross-section. Using the diagram, you will be asked to determine the relative age of the units from oldest to youngest. Additionally, in chronological order, you will be asked to list the events that had to occur for the units in the cross section to form. Give details about the formation of the units and the events that have occurred. Consider the deposition of sedimentary rocks, erosion events, metamorphism, folding, faulting, unconformities and intrusions. On the cross-section diagram: •
Units F, D and M are igneous and the rest are sedimentary •
Unit A contains an Ordovician-Silurian bryozoan, a Cambrian-Ordovician brachiopod and a Late Devonian coral. •
Unit F is a diorite batholith with a radiometric age of 1.24 Ga •
Units B and C contain Late Cambrian trilobite fossils •
Unit D is a granite intrusion with a radiometric age of 170 Ma •
Unit M is a basalt dike with a radiometric age of 50 Ma •
Unit H is a shale containing Quaternary mammoth tusks •
Unit G contains a middle Devonian fish fossil •
Unit Q contains a Permian fossil fern •
Unit L contains a Cretaceous ammonite
Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 1)
List the units and surfaces in order of age, starting with the oldest. OLDEST __F______________________ ___N_____________________ ___B_____________________ ____C____________________ ___A_____________________ ___J_____________________ ___G_____________________ __R______________________ __K______________________ __Q______________________ __I______________________ __D______________________ __E______________________ __L______________________ _O_______________________ _M_______________________ _H_______________________ YOUNGEST _S_______________________ 2)
What is the age of Unit A? __443.7 Ma________________________________ 3)
What is the term for the surfaces N, E, and K? ____Fault______________________________ 4)
What type of fault is R? ____Normal Fault______________________________
Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 PART B: Go to the website: http://app.visiblegeology.com/
.
This site allows you to add beds, intrusions, folding, faulting, etc., to a three-dimensional block and manipulate it in space to better understand the orientation of structures. Go through the six exercises below, and answer all questions as directed. From the home page, click on ‘Visualize’ to get started.
Click on "Fullscreen" for best results while working on the models. In the CREATE GEOLOGY tab: a.
Select the ‘Geologic Beds’ option. Add six beds by clicking the "NEW" icon 6 times to fill the block. It doesn’t matter what the beds are. b.
Exit this menu and select the ‘Tilting’ option. Tilt the beds to a dip of 20
(leave the strike at 000
). You need to click "Add New Tilting Event". c.
Exit this menu and scroll down to the ‘Dikes’ menu, and add a dike with a Strike/Dip of 115/50. You need to click "Add New Dyke". d.
Exit this menu and in the ‘Fault’ menu add a fault at 000/70. You need to click "Add New Fault". e.
Exit this menu and use the mouse to explore in 3D your geological creation Under the ‘Explore’ tab, select the ‘Strike Decal’ menu. The view rotates so that you are looking down at the "Map View" (the ground surface). Using the cross hairs and a mouse click add three strike and dip markers at the contacts between the tilted beds, for the dike, and for the fault. Exit this menu. Using the "3D" and the "2D" icons on the top left bar of the window switch back and forth between these view (2D = Map View) and understand how the decal tells you the orientation of the plane for each case.
Take a screenshot of the block
with the three strike and dip decals for the different planes and take a second screenshot of the block
from an oblique angle to show the layers, fault, and dike. Insert these into a WORD file for your submission (be sure to label the figures). Label the fault as either "normal", "strike-slip" or "reverse" as appropriate. PART C: The BACK button on your browser should take you back to the beginning and reset the model. Click on VISUALIZE again to being a new model. a.
Fill the block with six beds again. b.
In the ‘Folds’ menu, add a folding event at 000
N/90
("rake" = 0). Select "Add new folding event". c.
Exit this menu and use the mouse to explore in 3D your geological creation Add strike and dip decals on either side of each unit in the 2D view. Understand how the decals switch directions as the fold switches from being an anticline to a syncline. Capture the same views as before. On the 2D Map View, Add the labels "Youngest" and "Oldest" to the appropriate rock units by overlaying a TEXT BOX on your image in the WORD FILE.
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Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 Normal Fault PART D: Go back to the start, with a blank block. Add 6 beds, and then add a fold with an axial plane of 000
N/90
and a rake of 0
. Then in the ‘Tilt’ menu, tilt the fold with a strike of 270
and a dip of 40
degrees. Tilting the fold produces a plunging
fold. Examine how the fold appears on the top surface. Figure out where the synclines and anticlines are (again, assume the top layer is the youngest). Label one of each in your submission image. Using EXPLORE, for one of the layers that us fully visible in this view, add Strike Decals to one of the layers at each of the straighter "limb" areas and at each of the curved "hinge" areas. Understand the relationship of these beds as you move around the fold as it intersects the ground surface. Include the 3D view and this 2D map view with labels/decals in your submission. INSERT SCREENSHOTS HERE: PART B: PART C: 45 34 Youngest Oldest
Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 PART D: Anticline Syncline
Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 Study the captured images of the blocks, and answer the corresponding questions. Use single short answers in your submission to answer Part E.1-3 PART E.1: Provide an estimate
of the strike and dip of the black dike shown in the figure below. __strike=51, dip =52________________________ PART E.2: What kind of fold is this (arrow)?
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Name: Adam Barbour Student ID: 20339898 ___Syncline________________________ PART E.3: What kind of fault it this?
___Reverse Fault________________________