Lab 4 Individual Assignment (1)_AdamBarbour
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Queens University *
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Course
151
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by PresidentWater14134
Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
APSC 151 LAB 4
2021
HISTORICAL GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURES
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
20 marks
PART A
You have been provided with a geological cross section. Examine it and consider the rock types
and ages of the units in the cross-section. Using the diagram, you will be asked to determine the
relative age of the units from oldest to youngest. Additionally, in chronological order, you will be
asked to list the events that had to occur for the units in the cross section to form. Give details
about the formation of the units and the events that have occurred. Consider the deposition of
sedimentary rocks, erosion events, metamorphism, folding, faulting, unconformities and
intrusions.
On the cross-section diagram:
Units F, D and M are igneous and the rest are sedimentary
Unit A contains an Ordovician-Silurian bryozoan, a Cambrian-Ordovician brachiopod and
a Late Devonian coral.
Unit F is a diorite batholith with a radiometric age of 1.24 Ga
Units B and C contain Late Cambrian trilobite fossils
Unit D is a granite intrusion with a radiometric age of 170 Ma
Unit M is a basalt dike with a radiometric age of 50 Ma
Unit H is a shale containing Quaternary mammoth tusks
Unit G contains a middle Devonian fish fossil
Unit Q contains a Permian fossil fern
Unit L contains a Cretaceous ammonite
Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
1)
List the units and surfaces in order of age, starting with the oldest.
OLDEST
__F______________________
___N_____________________
___B_____________________
____C____________________
___A_____________________
___J_____________________
___G_____________________
__R______________________
__K______________________
__Q______________________
__I______________________
__D______________________
__E______________________
__L______________________
_O_______________________
_M_______________________
_H_______________________
YOUNGEST
_S_______________________
2)
What is the age of Unit A?
__443.7 Ma________________________________
3)
What is the term for the surfaces N,
E, and K?
____Fault______________________________
4)
What type of fault is R?
____Normal Fault______________________________
Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
PART B:
Go to the website:
http://app.visiblegeology.com/
.
This site allows you to add beds, intrusions, folding, faulting, etc., to a three-dimensional block
and manipulate it in space to better understand the orientation of structures.
Go through the six exercises below, and answer all questions as directed.
From the home page, click on ‘Visualize’ to get started.
Click on "Fullscreen" for best results while working on the models.
In the CREATE GEOLOGY tab:
a.
Select the ‘Geologic Beds’ option. Add six beds by clicking the "NEW" icon 6 times to
fill the block. It doesn’t matter what the beds are.
b.
Exit this menu and select the ‘Tilting’ option. Tilt the beds to a dip of 20
(leave the
strike at 000
). You need to click "Add New Tilting Event".
c.
Exit this menu and scroll down to the ‘Dikes’ menu, and add a dike with a Strike/Dip
of 115/50. You need to click "Add New Dyke".
d.
Exit this menu and in the ‘Fault’ menu add a fault at 000/70. You need to click "Add
New Fault".
e.
Exit this menu and use the mouse to explore in 3D your geological creation
Under the ‘Explore’ tab, select the ‘Strike Decal’ menu. The view rotates so that you are looking
down at the "Map View" (the ground surface). Using the cross hairs and a mouse click add three
strike and dip markers at the contacts between the tilted beds, for the dike, and for the fault.
Exit this menu.
Using the "3D" and the "2D" icons on the top left bar of the window switch back
and forth between these view (2D = Map View) and understand how the decal tells you the
orientation of the plane for each case.
Take a screenshot of the block
with the three strike and
dip decals for the different planes and
take a second screenshot of the block
from an oblique
angle to show the layers, fault, and dike. Insert these into a WORD file for your submission (be
sure to label the figures).
Label the fault as either "normal", "strike-slip" or "reverse" as
appropriate.
PART C:
The BACK button on your browser should take you back to the beginning and reset the model.
Click on VISUALIZE again to being a new model.
a.
Fill the block with six beds again.
b.
In the ‘Folds’ menu, add a folding event at 000
N/90
("rake" = 0).
Select "Add new folding event".
c.
Exit this menu and use the mouse to explore in 3D your geological creation
Add strike and dip decals on either side of each unit in the 2D view. Understand how the decals
switch directions as the fold switches from being an anticline to a syncline. Capture the same
views as before. On the 2D Map View, Add the labels "Youngest" and "Oldest" to the
appropriate rock units by overlaying a TEXT BOX on your image in the WORD FILE.
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Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
PART D:
Go back to the start, with a blank block.
Add 6 beds, and then add a fold with an axial plane of 000
N/90
and a rake of 0
.
Then in the ‘Tilt’ menu, tilt the fold with a strike of 270
and a dip of 40
degrees.
Tilting the fold produces a
plunging
fold.
Examine how the fold appears on the top surface.
Figure out where the synclines and anticlines are (again, assume the top layer is the youngest).
Label one of each in your submission image.
Using EXPLORE, for one of the layers that us fully visible in this view, add Strike Decals to one of
the layers at each of the straighter "limb" areas and at each of the curved "hinge" areas.
Understand the relationship of these beds as you move around the fold as it intersects the
ground surface.
Include the 3D view and this 2D map view with labels/decals in your
submission.
INSERT SCREENSHOTS HERE:
PART B:
PART C:
Normal Fault
Youngest
45
34
Oldest
Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
PART D:
Syncline
Anticline
Name: Adam Barbour
Student ID: 20339898
Study the captured images of the blocks, and answer the corresponding questions.
Use single short answers in your submission to answer Part E.1-3
PART E.1:
Provide an
estimate
of the strike and dip of
the black dike shown
in the figure below.
__strike=51, dip =52________________________
PART E.2:
What kind of fold is this (arrow)?
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Name: Adam Barbour
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___Syncline________________________
PART E.3:
What kind of fault it this?
___Reverse Fault________________________