PHYS-106A+Lab+7+Sedimentary+Rocks+2022 2
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Saginaw Valley State University *
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Course
106A
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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4
Uploaded by SuperScience1984
Laboratory Exercise 7: Sedimentary Rocks
PHYS-106A, Physical Geology
Student Name: ___________
Student Learning Outcomes
:
-
Identify observable properties of sedimentary rocks
-
Demonstrate knowledge of sedimentary rock properties by identifying sedimentary rocks
from short videos
Introduction
Chapter 7 of
Exploring Geology, 6
th
Edition
, states that
sedimentary rocks
form by lithification
of loose sediments or precipitation of crystals from solution.
We can generally identify
sedimentary rocks by their clasts/grain sizes and texture. Clasts and grains can be used
interchangeably to describe the pieces that make up clastic sedimentary rocks.
Part 1: Definitions
Using Chapter 7, write definitions of the following terms in the space provided.
Term
Definition
Clastic sedimentary
rock
Chemical/Nonclasti
c sedimentary rock
Facies
Sedimentary
environment
Clasts
Sorting
Transgression
Chemical
precipitation
1
Part 2: Sedimentary Rock Identification
Use the basic physical properties of sedimentary rocks from
Chapter 7
in the textbook and the attached sedimentary rock
classification chart
to identify the rock in each video linked in the Canvas assignment page. Some properties are hard to see in the
videos or can help you ID unknowns, so I’ve filled them in for you. Remember, carbonate rocks like limestone or those with lots of
calcite shell fragments effervesce with HCl.
Sample
ID
(Video #)
Clastic or
Chemical/Nonclastic
?
Texture
Composition
Sorting
(Poorly = lots of
grain size
variation. Well
= grains are
mostly the
same size)
Additional
information
Rock Name
(Very coarse, coarse,
medium, fine, very fine,
or microcrystalline for
some chemical
sedimentary rocks)
List mineral(s) present like
calcite, quartz, clay
minerals; also if fossils
present (use Classification
Chart below)
Very poorly,
poorly,
moderately,
well, or very
well, for
clastic only
1
--
2
Effervesces
with HCl acid
3
Effervesces
with HCl acid
4
--
5
--
6
Contains
sulfate
7
--
8
Effervesces
with HCl acid
2
9
--
10
--
11
Effervesces
with HCl acid
12
--
Sedimentary Rock Classification Chart
All the sedimentary rocks we use in this lab are in this table; use it to identify the samples in the videos. Since these are all the rocks
you will see in lab, it’s smart to look them up online to view their properties and see more examples of them!
Classification
Composition
Color (specific to the
rock samples in this
lab)
Texture
Sorting (variation in
grain sizes)
Rock Name
Clastic
Calcite,
quartz +
mostly
angular shell
fragments
Tan/brown/white
Coarse to Very
Coarse
Moderately to
Poorly
Coquina
Quartz,
calcite
Many colors possible
due to variety of grains
Coarse to Very
Coarse
Moderately to
Poorly
Conglomerate
Clay minerals
(flattened
appearance)
Dark gray to black
Fine
Well to Very Well
Shale
Clay
minerals,
quartz silt,
can have
fossils
Gray to dark gray
Fine
Well to Very Well
Mudstone
Quartz
Tan to brown
Fine to medium
Moderately to Well
Sandstone
Chemical/Nonclastic
Halite
Clear
Microcrystalline
Does Not Apply
Halite
Iron oxide -
Hematite
Dark reddish
Fine
Hematite
Calcite –
large shell
Tan to Gray, lighter
shell fragments
Fine to Coarse
(shell fragments are
Fossiliferous limestone
3
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fragments in
calcite matrix
coarse)
Calcite
Tan to Gray
Fine
Limestone
Calcite,
banded with
calcite + mud
Reddish-tan with white
bands of calcite
Fine
Travertine
Gypsum
(calcium
sulfate)
Mostly White with a few
reddish/gray inclusions
Fine
Gypsum
Dolomite,
dark mud
sediment
Very dark gray to black,
some white areas.
Fine to medium
Dolostone
Part 3: Closing Questions
If your classification of rocks 8, 1, and 5 is incorrect in Part 2, I will grade this section based on the classification of the
rock you named for each of those rock samples.
1.
What is the likely environment of formation of
sedimentary rock 8
, and why did you conclude this?
2.
What is the likely environment of formation of
sedimentary rock 1
, and why did you conclude this?
3.
How did
sedimentary rock 5
form, and in what sedimentary environment might we find it?
4