Lab 07
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George Mason University *
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1301
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Geology
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Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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GEOL 1301
Lab 07
Geologic Structures and Maps
In this lab, you will learn about geologic structures and how to read and work with a geologic
map.
Please complete the attached worksheets and submit them in Canvas.
Important notice:
In order to successfully complete the lab, please review the following concepts and terms in
your textbook and on the websites listed below.
Terms and Concepts:
●
Strike and dip
●
Normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault
●
Hanging wall, footwall
●
Anticline and syncline
●
Geologic map
●
Geologic profile
Helpful Websites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_and_dip
http://commons.wvc.edu/rdawes/basics/structures.html
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Geologic Structures
Below you find some images of models of geologic structures numbered from 1 to 4.
Name the structure and describe what happened in each case (e.g. compression or extension,
how did the rocks move relative to each other, etc.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Model #
Type of Geologic Structure Represented
What happened?
1
Reverse and thrust
rocks hanging on to the
wall of other rocks thus
depicting compression
2
folding
the bending of rocks with
no cracks or fractures
3
strike and slip faulting
the lateral slide of rock
causing lateral
displacement
4
normal fault
the extension of rock as
one side goes down the
other comes up
2
Use the image below to answer the following questions:
a) What is the strike and approximate dip of the rock layers?
the strike of the rock layers in the image are going in the north-south direction, the dip of the
rock layers are approximately 30 to 40 deg.to the east.
b) Draw the map symbol that you would use to show strike and dip for these layers.
the symbol used to demonstrate the strike and dip layers looks like a T, with the long side
representing the strike and the horizontal short side representing the dip. This is demonstrated
in the image above as well.
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Geologic Maps
Last week’s lab was about topographic maps.
Geologic maps add information about the
rocks exposed at the surface and about their underground structure to a topographic map.
Use the geologic map available for download in the assignment to answer the following
questions:
What is the name of the map?
Augusta, Page, and Rockingham Counties portion of the Charlottesville 30 x 60 minute
quadrangle
What is the ratio scale of the map?
1:24,000
What is the contour interval of the map?
40 meters
What are the latitude and longitude at the northeast corner of the map?
30 deg. 30' North
What do the different colors used on the map stand for?
The different colours on the map show the distribution of different kind of geologic rocks in
the area.
Each color is represented with a sequence of letters.
What does the first (capital) letter stand
for?
each of these colors represent the geological formation of the rocks, with the first letter
corresponding with the formation of the system.
The first capital letter stands for Devonian age
What is the age range of the rocks depicted in this geologic map?
Devonian-Silurian-Ordovician-Cambrian-Late Proterozoic-Middle Proterozoic
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Now search online for a famous example of a syncline or an anticline (choose only 1), and
write at least half a page describing the syncline/anticline. You will want to also note the type
of forces that caused it. Some ideas for information to include in your write-up: location, size
of the structure, age of the rocks that form it, time when the structure formed, important
resources in the area, etc. Be sure to include links to the websites that you used to research
the syncline/anticline.
sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weald%E2%80%93Artois_Anticline
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Wealden_district_-_Geology
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