Geological Discussion
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School
University of Massachusetts, Boston *
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Course
105
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by Brian_cao
Part 1: Discuss 1 Geological Time slide - tell us why it is interesting (surprising,
challenging, mysterious), why do you think understanding geological time is important?
Answer:
Slide 8 is particularly compelling because it shows the advancement in Geology during the Age
of Enlightenment regarding Earth's history. What captivates me is the determination of scientists
to seek empirical evidence, challenging or corroborating each other's theories, in an era
predominantly influenced by intelligent design and creationism. For instance, Georges Cuvier
(1769 - 1832), introduced the concept of catastrophism. While his idea of six significant
catastrophes aligning with the biblical narrative might be a testament to society's strong
religious inclinations, it also exemplifies the period's dynamic interplay between religious belief
and emerging scientific understanding.
Understanding geological time is pivotal not only for understanding the extensive
transformations our planet has undergone but also for comprehending the timeline of hominin
evolution. Recognizing the vastness of Earth's history allows us to contextualize our own
existence. Our lives, when seen through the lens of geological time, appear as mere fleeting
moments. Despite our brief presence, humans have made a lasting and significant
environmental impact. This realization underscores the importance of our responsibility toward
the Earth and future generations.
Reference list:
Janke, P. R. (1996). Correlating Earth's History - Lecture Notes. Black Hills Museum of Natural
History. http://www.wmnh.com/wmas0002.htm
Part 2: Discuss 1 Geography of Early Hominim Evolution slide - tell us why it is
interesting (surprising, challenging, mysterious), why do you think understanding
geographical time is important?
Answer:
I find slide 29 detailing Mary Leakey's 1975 discovery in Laetoli fascinating. The footprint, aged
at an astounding 3.6 million years, not only confirms bipedalism but also evokes wonder about
the world these early hominins inhabited. The position of the big toe and the discernible arch
make it clear: these ancestors walked very much like we do today. When we compare this
footprint with other fossil fauna and stone tools discovered previously, its significance magnifies.
It demonstrates the evolutionary trajectory our ancestors took, leading up to modern humans.
Acknowledging the depth of geological time helps us recognize our fleeting presence in the
grand scheme. It underscores that we are but a brief chapter in Earth's extensive story. This
understanding fosters humility and emphasizes our responsibility: while our time is short, our
actions have lasting impacts. In a world facing environmental challenges, a profound
understanding of geological time reminds us of the long-term consequences of our decisions
today and the legacy we leave for future generations.
Reference list:
Washington State University. (n.d.). Hominid Species Time Line: Page 4. https://old-
www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/lfopen-index.html.
Part 3: Discus one piece of evidence of early Hominins (bipedal apes). Be sure to tell us
the species name (in the correct binominal convention), and tell us approximately when it
lived and where the evidence was recovered. (Do not discuss the genus Homo - focus on
early Hominins.) Early Homiin Eroltion
One significant piece of evidence for early Hominins is the specimen of Sahelanthropus
tchadensis, commonly referred to as "Tomai." Discovered in July 2001 in Chad, Central Africa,
this species is currently considered the oldest presumed Hominin, dating back to approximately
6-7 million years ago. The specimen found consists of a nearly complete cranium, three
fragments of the mandible, and several isolated teeth. This discovery in Chad, outside the Great
Rift Valley, prompts the consideration that early Hominids might have existed not just in East
Africa but also in Central and possibly even West Africa.
The most interesting finding from the specimen is that Sahelanthropus tchadensis might already
be an upright biped, which shows bipedalism was present in the earliest known Hominids.
Reference list:
Washington State University. (n.d.). Hominid Species Time Line: Page 4.
https://old-
www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/lfopen-index.html
Zollikofer, C., Ponce de León, M., Lieberman, D., & others. (2005). Virtual cranial reconstruction
of Sahelanthropus tchadensis. Nature, 434(755–759). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03397
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