Liam Murphy - GEOL200 - Lab Assignment 06 [Marked]

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Liam Murphy 3540040 GEOL 200 - Introductory to Physical Geology iy AJ5 Lab Assignment #6 August 51, 2021 Part One Activity 11.2 (Introduction to Stream Processes and Landscapes): Answer questions A (1-2) and B (1-5) in the Laboratory Manual: (pages 309-311). Trout Run Drainage Basin: 1. Complete Parts a through h in Fig. A11.2.1. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP REVIEW FOR DRAINAGE BASIN MAPPING N a. This map is contoured in feet. The contour interval is: 20 ft v 2 b. The elevation of point X is: 240 ft 2. ¢. The elevation of point B is: 100 ft v 2 d. The elevation of point A is: 180 # v e. The distance from Ato B is: One {1} mils} % f. The gradient from A to 8./%& s .0 ft/mi S g. Lightly shade or color the area inside each closed contour that represents a hilltop, then draw a dashed line to indicate the drainage divide that fiuff&fififi‘iy Trout Hun drainage basin. Hq h. Trout Run flows (drains down hill} in what direction? North 1 mite \6 S /[T o e 3 \ Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 1 of 6 August 5th, 2021

Liam Murphy GEOL 200 What type of drainage pattern are the modern streams in this area developing (see Figs. 11.8 —11.10)? Dendritic: All the smaller tributary streams all appear to flow North East linking up into one larger stream. Notice in Fig. A11.2.2 that small tributaries merge to form larger streams. We will consider the intermittent stream in Garvin Canyon to be a first-order stream because it has no significant tributaries (refer to Fig. 11.7). What is the gradient and sinuosity, from A to B on Fig. A11.2.2, of the first order stream in Garvin Canyon? Refer to Figs. 11.3 and 11.4 for help measuring gradient and sinuosity. Show your calculations. You will graph this data later in the activity. Gradient A « B Point A Elevation: 3010 Feet Point B Elevation: 2910 Feet Distance Between Point A & B: 3885 Feet e 3010 Feet—2910 Feet 100 Feet 5280 Feet _ 136 Feet Gradiznt 3885 Feet 3885 Feet 1Mile / Per 1 Mile Sinuosity A < B Midline Channel Length: 3916 Feet Straight Line Distance: 3885 Feet I L 3916 Feet e, Sinuosity: —=1.00 1.00 < 1.30 therefore the stream is Linear. 3885 Feet Gradient: 136 Feet/Mile Sinuosity: Linear (1.00) / T~ i g1 [ " - ¥ s Page 3 of 6 Athabasca University v Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks Lab Assighment #4 August 5%, 2021

5 Sinuosity C —~ D Midline Channel Length: 17,950 Feet Straight Line Distance: 12,937 Feet 17,950 Feet Sinuosity: — E:; = 1 38 / 38 is in between ] 3 Lrnear) and 1.5 (Meandermg) therefore the stre4 'x s . P Gradient: 41 Feet/Mile Sinuosity: Sinuous (1.38) ./ Activity 11.5 (Meander Evolution on the Rio Grande): Answer questions A-D in the Laboratory Manual (pages 317-318). . A. Study the meander cutbanks labeled A through G. The red leader from each lett’er pomts to the cutbank’s Iecatron in 1992. In what two general directions (relative to the meander, relative to the direction of river flow) have these cutbank’s moved? Relative to the meander: By observrng Fig. A11 5.1 we can see there are fi Relative to the river flow: The river eppears to be flowing i ". b % DUy B. Study locations H and I. e T 1. In what country were H and | located in 19367 J o Both H and | were located in Mexico in 1936. l/ » 2. In what country were H and | located in 19927 ° Both H and | were located in the USA in 1992. '/ 3. Explain a process that probably caused locations H and I to change from meanders to oxbow lakes. e Anincreased rate of erosion at the neck of the meanders ca at the point of the neck cutoff the stream has now found a shorter and easier flow and this wilt€ventually cutoff the oxbow lake. Lt L = B | C. Based on your answer in part B3, predict how the river might change in the future at locations J and K. ° Due to an increased rate o will eventually gnhd up as oxbox lakes. e necks of these meanders this will cause neck cutoff in these areas. Point J and K D. What are features L, M, and N, and t-do they rnd te about the historical path of the Rio Grande? e These areas all appearto be oxbow lakes and suggest that at one point the Rio Grande meandered out to these oxbox lakes. Activity 11.6 (Retreat of Niagara Falls): Answer questions A-D in the Laboratory Manual (pages 319-320). A. About how long IS the Niagara Gorge today? Niagara Gorge Length = 12.36 Kilometres (approx) B. Based on this geochronology and the length of Niagara Gorge as shown in Fig. A11.6.2, calculate he average rate at which Niagara Falls has migrated southward along the Niagara River course in cm/year. Show your calculations. Rate of retreat ~_cm/year. Length of Niagara Gorge: 12 Kilomteres 1,200,000 Centimetres Niagara River has been the primary outlet for the upper great lakes for 11,000 years. 1,200,000 Centimetres 11,000 years Rate of retreat: 109.09cmlyear %_Q/\ Q},& V = 109.09cm per year Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 5 of 6 August 5%, 2021

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2. Imagine that heavy rain fell on a saturated landscape at location X in Fig. A11.2.1. Is it likely that runoff water would flow from X downhill into Trout Run? Explain your reasoning. S ° o, it is not likely that water runoff would flow into Trout Run. This is due to the fact that point X falls on the westerly side of the’ drainage divide theyefore water runoff would run in a westerly direction rather than east (which would have runoff into Trout Run. B. Figure A11.2.2 is a portion of the Lake Scott 7.5-minute quadrangle, Kansas, that is centered around latitude 38.7°N, longitude 100.95°W. This area is an ancient upland surface that slopes gently eastward from an elevation of about 5500 feet along the Rocky Mountains to about 2000 feet above sea level in western Kansas. Streams in western Kansas drain eastward and cut channels into the ancient upland surface. Small tributary streams merge to form larger streams that eventually flow into the Mississippi River. " Battendorf . - Canyon ' . drainage . ~ basin - 3 e fi’ér" < a2, \ Xl *f& ] g g« 1S s F4 1k e s s o P4 1 - -# 2> -4 1. What is the gradient of the ancient upland surface between points E and F in Fig. A11.2.2? Show your work. Point E Elevation: 3050 Feet S .Point F Elevation: 3020 Feet . Distance Between Point E & F: 4660 Feet AN . i 3050 Feet—3020 Feet 30 Feet 5280 Feet e 34 Feet / 5 Gradient: Ake0 Fect Sl N e "~ /Per 1 Mile &, D % pe Gradient Between E & F: - £ X434 Feet/Mile or 34 Feet per mile of rise Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 2 of 6 August 5t, 2021

4. Notice how the drainage divide of the stream in Battendorf Canyon is defined by a blue dashed curve in Fig. A11.2.2. Draw a similar curve, as exactly as you can, to show the boundary of the Garvin Canyon drainage basin. Pomts A and B are in Gar\gn Canyon Refer to Flg 11.5 for help in decldlng how to draw the dramage divide. Draw the divide. " dﬂofih ‘ " E P : . o i }fi*' : “‘E, 3 i e | 2 : : * - & - ';‘ : *gﬂ Contour interval ifi Feet 3 ST s L 4 fiffif?@g H "p : e 3 % 8 | R %“% NGRS Battendorf | * . i e P g €§¥aiﬂ.§gg ; e et basin %‘% % g’?&{ffimmmm ’ / f‘" i * » G**‘g{mtqnfin A sity of the stream that flows betwgen points C and D {Fig. A11.2.2),jand what is the stream 5. What is the gradient and sinuo: j - wit Suhy v order? Show you calculations. Gradient C < D Point C Elevation: 2950 Feet Point D Elevation: 2850 Feet Distance Between Point C & D: 12,937 Feet 0 ) 2950 Feet— 2850 Feet 100 Feet 5280 Feet __ 4,1 Feet [/ Gradiont: 12,937 Feet T T2937Fect © imie / Per 1 Mile Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 4 of 6 August 5, 2021

C. Name as may factors as you can that could cause Niagara Falls to retreat at a faster rate. a. Anincreased water flow at the bottom of the falls resulting in a faster rate of erosion with the weaker rock forms. . L{ b. Due to the weaker rock forms eroding at a faster rate this will cause undercutting of the dolostone caprock above. P ¢. Any eroded matgrial can H@transporte wnsm ang erode the rlyer banks further downstream. ¢ D. Name as many Ya‘ctors as you can that couldiause Niagara Falls to retrgie’ more slowly If the rock forms below eroded until it reached a stronger rock formation reducing the overall rate of erosion (harder bedrock etc.). o wliuougn a. If the water flow rate;were to slow down this would decrease the overall rate of erosion. ,_k b Al :i R f'.‘ 2 £ 3 8 o e 4 e Liam Murphy Unit 5: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #4 Athabasca University Page 6 of 6 August 5th, 2021

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