Liam Murphy - GEOL200 - Lab Assignment 03 [Marked]

Liam Murphy GEOL 200 150 M x* Pennsyiyaaaafi~age mck from f(a:;sas (2’9@ myr old} 4. Complete Activity 6.9 A and B on page 184 of the Laboratory Manual. A. Analyze photographs X and Y in the figure below of a Kansas rock and the modern day seafloor near Cape Cod, respectively. J Kl i 2 s ‘fi'rar"} ‘x‘i}‘é&i imgwents z,f i ; ¢ L&) vid fossit shells comprise the rock < K Mgcflmn seaflm 7 “environment, 40 m deap ~16 km north of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Photo includes clastic sedimen from the continent, bioclastics,, and living organisms. » 1% gravel » 90% sand * 9% mud 1. How are the modern environment (photograph Y) and Kansas rock (photograph X) the same? S - ° Both photographs contain evidence of living organisms at one point. 4 2 .( o Photograph X shows fossilised starfish and Photograph Y shows living starfish on the ¢~ bottom of the seafloor. « Both photographs are close to the same colour. %?/\/V\K TW\Q LC&Q Cb KMW 2. How are the modern environment (photograph Y) and Kansas rock (photograph X) different? "Q’a 5 g e Photograph Y appears to have a smoother texture to that of Photograph X, maybe this could be down to the sea current constantly moving the sediment around and smoothing the seafloor. e Photograph Y does not show and visible “fossils” unlike Photograph X. O 3. Today, this part of Kansas is rolling hills and farm field. Describe the environment in which the sediment in this rock sample (photograph X) was deposited there about 290 million years ago. S ° This environment would have been a marine environment due to the presence of marine - organisms within the picture (starfish). 5. Consider the weathering and erosion of a granite. a a. Describe the physical and chemical changes that occur to produce a detrital sediment from a freshly o exposed granite. g f “a ) /) yart q 4 | At e ° Fresh Granite will find itgelfwut of equilibrium and will begin the weathering process. As weathering and erosion ; \ & wo Bk take place on the gramtewemovmg sediment from the source the rock will begin to break down into its raw 3 LN R mlnerals these raw mj ner s a thev(abl to form with other raw minerals to create new minerals {o beysed by orgamsm& \) \S¢ 5 (A onx ! e C o al \ «{ V‘\S\w‘l Wwead e QWM Unit 4: Weathering, Soil, and Sedimentary Rocks Lab Assignment #3 Athabasca University Page 3 of 6 ) July 28, 2021

9. S How would sample 33 (conglomerate) in your lab kit be different from a breccia? Describe one way in which these rocks are similar. e The difference between the two rocks is the shape of the larger particles. In a conglomerate roc larger particles are more rounded and in a Breccia the particles are more angular in shape. f Note: Sge Figure 6.18 of the Laboratory Manual for a description of a breccia. I 2 oy {Iq.n’%Ekamme sample 35, and give it.a compos;tlonal and textural rock name. Describe the sorting of this sample. How * > ‘does the origin of this rock dlffe;;f,[om that of sample 337 Mal b ® ) Sandstone; #f papys il .5”‘ This sample should be well sorted as most of the grain sizes should be relatively the same. I. 6 e Sample 33 would form when a large majority of larger grain particles would settle and any voids between would fill with finer grain particles and “cement” together. Sample 35 (Sandstone) is formed by purely smaller grain particles cementing together between themselves without having any larger particles present. 11. Sample 38 is bituminous coal. If you could look at this sample microscopically, what might you see that would indicate an orgahic origin? What is the origin of goal? "( W s t S e The presence of maceramln the coal would indicate its organic origin. e The burial and high pressure of peat generally forms coal, although the increase in pressure will produce altered variants of coal (lignite vs bituminous vs anthracite). 12. Give a rock name for sample 37. Note that the colour of this type of rock varies greatly, depending on the > abundance of organic matt€r and iron oxides. @) Samples 39 and 40 are both carbonate rocks. Describe their textures. Sample 40 is a limestone. How did it form? Sample 39 is a dolomite and can be distinguished fl;om sample 40 in that it does not react in dilute HCI (it would % react slowly with stronger HCI). Its darker coléur results’ from a gréater abundance of organic matter. s ¢ o Sample 39 } Kl\ o Buff coloured, white-grey coloured. v M 3 Y ( o Granular Texture Q\(Q/C\ %‘ 0.3( % e Sample 40 o Limestone o Granular Texture o Limestone forms from the deposition of other limestones forming a clast. 13. e 14. Samples 34 and 40 are both limestones. What is the major difference between them? ‘ E ¢: f,' o T L'y AN !f i . E o Sample 39 Dolomlte why g et Seve Sample 40 —Limesfone oL 1D, 2 ° Sample 40 vwllfi'eact with HCI more easily than Sample 39. o Sample:39 is nfade of calcn?rh«magn m carbonates wheqaas ple 40 js made o acalcnum carbonate o S RO S and, clay and silt ase found more commonly within Sample 40 as impuyiti n not as often within Sample 39. e 15. Of what is chalk composed? - “: ® )‘ > 5 e A vanety of bio-clastie lees‘tone formed of microscopic marine organisms. (C o QA C o, C Qvéo L(L\ e e 16. How can you distinguish between a"fme-gramed black I|mestone and a basalt? * SJG Q\' ) yq l' L‘fl e Asmall fizzing reacnon wnll occur when small drop of d|I ydrochlonc acid is introduced to a limestone, the. same cannot be said for the basalt p © dw,éu\ o s 15 @ Comegrvallly complag o - dleage vl \af(r* \av\a/«m Jr&q&\owk Liam Murphy Unit 4: Weathering, Soil, and Sedimentary Rocks GEOL 200 Lab Assignment #3 Athabasca University Page 6 of 6 July 281, 2021