1-04+Guided+Notes+-+Tectonic+Features+and+Phenomena

pdf

School

Lewis University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

OTED-603

Subject

Geology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by EarlTank12347

Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved. Tectonic Features and Phenomena Glossary TERM DEFINITION continental crust oceanic crust hot spots subduction when one tectonic plate slides beneath another trench uplift the upward movement of Earth's crust by tectonic forces, such as due to the collision between two plates folding mid-ocean ridges The mid-ocean ridge system is the longest mountain range on Earth. Ninety percent of the ridge lies underwater and passes through all the oceans. rift valley tsunami a powerful ocean wave triggered by a geological event, such as an earthquake or landslide fault mass wasting the downhill movement of a large mass of rock, soil, and sand caused by the pull of gravity Objective In this lesson, you will _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________. Tectonic Plate Features Earth's surface is made up of ________________ ____________ that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The plates are made of ____________________ __________, ____________ __________, or a mixture of both. As these plates move, they interact with one another and the ____________ beneath.

Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved. Hot Spots A ______ ________ is an extremely hot region in Earth’s __________ ____________. The __________ within the mantle is so hot that it can ________ through Earth’s __________. The result is the formation of an isolated ____________. As the ________________ __________ moves over the hot spot, the magma __________ emerging from this volcano. In its place, a ______ volcano forms directly __________ the hot spot. This process continues over millions of years, and eventually a __________ of volcanoes is formed. For volcanic islands formed over a hot spot (e.g. and eastern Asia): The oldest island is the one ( nearest to farthest from) the hot spot. As the tectonic plate moves, older volcanoes move in the ( same opposite) direction as the plate. Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust The crust that makes up the __________ ________ differs from the crust that makes up the ____________________, because of how each type of crust ____________ and ____________: ➢ The magma that forms oceanic crust cools ____________ in the cold ocean water, making it thinner than continental crust. ➢ Continental crust tends to go through several ____________ and ____________ ____________ as it forms into rock. Each time a mass of magma cools and reheats, its volume ( decreases increases), so its density ( decreases increases). When oceanic and continental crust collide at a plate boundary, the denser ( oceanic continental) crust is pulled beneath the less dense ( oceanic continental) crust. When two plates collide and one slides beneath the other, it is called ____________________, and the location is called a ____________________ ________. Tectonic Boundary Features

Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved. There are three types of boundaries: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________. Each of these boundary types can give rise to different ________________ phenomena, depending on the types of __________ involved in the interaction. Convergent Boundaries Convergent boundaries occur when two plates move ____________ each other. Type of Convergence Outcomes Oceanic-Continental occurs when the dense ( continental oceanic) crust subducts beneath the less dense (also buoyant ) ( continental oceanic) crust • volcanic ________________ ranges • large pressure releases, which can cause violent ________________________ • ________________: deep troughs where crust is destroyed and cycled back into the mantle • Process of ____________________ __________________: sediment on the ocean floor scrapes off and sticks to the edge of continental crust Oceanic-Oceanic occurs when the denser and typically ( older younger) crust subducts beneath the less dense and typically ( older younger) crust • ________________: e.g. Mariana Trench, the deepest spot on Earth • volcanic ____________ ________ form just beyond plate boundary o e.g. Aleutian Islands Continental-Continental crust is pushed ( downward upward) • uplift: its buoyant nature provides upward force • folding: compression forces cause the crusts to • forms __________________ ranges, but because the crust does not create __________ , there are no ______________ ______________ o e.g. Himalayas and Alps • result in periodic ______________________ buckle and fold at the boundary

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved. Divergent Boundaries Divergent boundaries occur when two plates move ________ ________ each other. Type of Divergence Outcomes Oceanic-Oceanic new crust (i.e. new seafloor) emerges to fill in the space between the two plates • ______-__________ ____________ which run along the whole tectonic boundary • ________________________ __________: openings in mid-ocean ridges that release extremely hot fluids Continental-Continental continental crust gets thinner and thinner as it is pulled in opposite directions • ________ ____________: over time, two sides continue to separate; rift fills with seawater and is eventually replaced by mid-ocean ridge Transform Boundaries Transform boundaries occur when two plates ________ ____________ each other. The interaction between adjacent plates at a transform boundary typically does ______ ______________ any old crust or create any new crust. However, the ________________ between the two plates can cause a large number of ______________________.

Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved. Tectonic and Geologic Hazards Earthquakes Earthquakes usually occur along ____________, large-scale __________________ in Earth’s crust that allow one portion of __________ to move independently of an adjacent portion. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ at ________________ boundaries where the rock’s motion is mostly _________________ result from __________________ crust e.g. near rift valleys along __________________ boundaries near ____________________ boundaries where crust is ____________________ Tsunamis Volcanic Eruptions Mass Wasting • almost all caused by ________________________ • motion of ocean floor creates powerful ________ ________ • explosive releases of _________ and __________ • explosive if near ____________________ boundaries • nonexplosive if near ____________________ boundaries • also occur over hot spots • a large mass of soil, ________, debris, or ________ moving down a slope due to ________________ • e.g. ____________________, rockfalls, ___________________ • can be triggered by tectonic movement, such as an earthquake Summary How are the three types of boundaries similar? How are they different?