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7:45PM Thu Oct 26 eece all T @ 58%( ) { Chapter 3 reading guide.docx & B OO Chapter 3 — The Original Penguin 1. Describe Lyell's philosophy of earth's processes. According to Lyell's philosophy, the earth's process occurred because of processes like sedimentation, erosion, and volcanism. 2. What did Lyell think about past mass extinction events? Lyell believed that as far as extinction went, it was all slow paced and even almost unnoticeable. And she thought the fossil evidence that showed certain species had died in mass just showed that the record was unreliable. Basically animals that had gone “extinct” could still be out there. 3. Describe De la Beches's sketch of Lyell and why it was funny. De la Beches'’s sketch of Lyell is him in the form of a nearsighted ichthyosaur, pointing to a human skull and lecturing to a group of giant reptiles. It can be considered funny because it makes fun of his belief that everything exists indefinitely and that extinction rates are slow and steady. 4. What are two geologic observations that Darwin made that supported Lyell's Principles? The first geological observation that Darwin made that supported Lyell's principles was St Jago which proved some areas of the earth were gradually rising, just as others were gradually subsiding. The second one being Concepciéon’s harbor which showed that the earthquake elevated the beach by nearly eight feet. 5. What is transmutation? What were Lyell's thoughts about it? Transmutation was the idea that one species could mutate or transform into another. Lyell was opposed to this idea and did not think it could happen. 6. How is Darwin's natural selection like Lyell's gradualism? V4 Darwin's natural selection is like Lyell's gradualism because like it mentions in the b Qi R SROUaR LIS IOl Yy variation, even