Lab 10 Assignment_Online-completed
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Lab 10: Glacial Landscapes
GEOG 1113L – Introduction to Landforms Lab
Name: Shtavia Yarwood
I.
Intro to Glaciers
1.
How are glaciers able to move?
a.
Glaciers can move by rotational slip.
2.
What causes glaciers to scour the surface of the land as they move?
a.
The thing that causes glaciers to scour the surface of land as they move is once the rock
is burst apart, the stone fragments fall into the glacier. As the glaciers move abrasions
happens it causes the rocks to scour the surface.
3.
How does a glacier change the shape of a valley?
a.
Glaciers changes the shape of valleys by abrasion and plucking.
4.
Smaller, weaker glaciers with less eroding power create valleys that sit above larger valleys,
which are called what?
a.
These valleys are called hanging valleys.
5.
When quarries fill with meltwater, this is called what?
a.
When this happens, it is called tarn.
6.
What are erratic stones?
a.
Erratic stones are rocks and boulders that were carried down by glaciers.
II.
Glacier Gallery
Visit the Glacier Gallery link below and answer the following questions. Some questions require
you to use Google.
Link:
https://edu.oggm.org/en/latest/gallery-app_en.html
1.
Find an example of an ice cap in the Glacier Gallery.
a.
Write down the name of your example ice cap and key features defining this category of
glacier.
i.
The name of the ice cap I chose is Puruogangri. The key features of ice caps are
they are found in polar or subtemperate regions and an accumulation of snow.
b.
Now, search the web to find example ice caps in North America, in Iceland, on the
Tibetan Plateau, and in Svalbard (Spitsbergen).
i.
North America: Labrador
ii.
Iceland: Vatnajokull
iii.
Tibetan Plateau: Guliya
iv.
Svalbard: Austfonna
2.
Find an example of a glacier in the European Alps.
a.
How does your European Alps glacier differ from the ice caps you found above
(Hint:
Read the tabs explaining each type of glacier on the righthand side of the map.)
?
i.
The Aletsch glacier is different from the ice caps I named above because
although they both accumulate snow glacier discharges into loses its mass by
ablation that discharges into seas or lakes while ice caps snow is accumulated
and exceeds ablation.
b.
Using some critical thinking, try to explain in a few words why there are no ice caps in
the European Alps or in New Zealand.
i.
The reason is because European Alps and New Zealand have smaller glaciers and
little ice covers compared to other places with glaciers.
3.
Find a calving glacier in the Gallery.
a.
What sets these glaciers apart from the others?
i.
The characteristic that sets these glaciers apart from the others are how they are
always surrounded by a body of water. They are considered to be water-
terminating, so they end up in lakes, fjords, or the sea.
b.
Using information from the Gallery or a web search, explain why the response of calving
glaciers (also called “tidewater glaciers”) to climate change might be very different from
the response of other glaciers.
III.
Glacier Simulation
Visit the link below to engage in an interactive simulation of glacial formation and movement.
Answer the following questions that go along with the simulation.
Link:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/glaciers/latest/glaciers.html?simulation=glaciers
Check the box next to “Equilibrium line” under the “Introduction” tab. You can choose whether or
not you would like to have the “Snowfall” box checked, as it only changes the view and not the
conditions. The bear and dashed box at the top of the simulation can be dragged to any spot you wish to
view. The arrows below the bear on either side of the simulation box change the view as well. In the
bottom right corner is a button that says, “Set glacier to steady state”. You can use this to quickly see the
final outcome of the glacier after you have made adjustments instead of waiting.
1.
Adjust the “Sea-level air temperature” to various temperatures. Wait a few seconds for each
temperature to affect the glacier. What effect does high temperature versus low temperature
have on the glacier? Describe what you see in the glacier and the equilibrium line.
a.
When the temperature is colder the equilibrium line is farther away from the surface,
and the glacier is steadily flowing down. When the temperature is higher the equilibrium
line is closer to the surface and the glacier start to retreat.
2.
Adjust the “Average snowfall” to various magnitudes. What effect does high snowfall versus low
snowfall have on the glacier? Describe the relationship between temperature and snowfall when
it comes to maintaining equilibrium within a glacier.
a.
The relationship is when the glacier receives lower snowfall, I cause the snow to melt
and the glacier to retreat. When the glacier receives more snowfall than it steadily
moves down the glacier.
3.
Drag the thermometer from the toolbox and measure the temperature of various parts of the
glacier. Where are the coldest and warmest areas of the glacier located?
a.
The coldest part of the glacier is towards the top and the warmest area is towards the
bottom.
4.
Drag the glacial budget meter (green box) from the toolbox and take measurements from
various parts of the glacier. Where on the glacier is accumulation highest? Ablation? Where on
the glacier are accumulation and ablation the same?
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5.
Drag the drill from the toolbox and click it once above any part of the glacier. You will see a black
line from where you clicked move down the glacier. Using this line, which part of the glacier
moves faster, the top or bottom? Why do you think that is?
6.
Go to the “Advanced” tab in the simulation and adjust the climate settings to various
magnitudes. Each time you make an adjustment, check the “glacial budget vs. elevation” box
under Graphs. After what elevation do you notice that ablation and accumulation, and therefore,
glacial budget remain consistent?
IV.
Glacial Landforms
Go to the PowerPoint slides called “Lab 10 Part IV_Glacial Landforms” to complete this activity.
Several images of glacial landforms are provided in the slides as well as terms and definitions. Using
these terms, decipher which image belongs to each term (all terms will be used once). Under each image
in the “Notes” section, type the appropriate term name for each image.
Upload your completed PowerPoint activity along with your completed lab assignment document to
the Lab 10 assignment submission folder on iCollege.