GPHY 102 Assignment 3
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Geography
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Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Liam Gavaghan 20101830
GPHY 102 Assignment 3
1)
Use slider tool to find clear images of the area before and after the landslide.
Figure 1: Tskneti Georgia Pre-Landslide. 9/21/2012
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Figure 2: Tskneti Georgia Post-Landslide. 6/23/2015
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2)
Using the Ruler, find the length and width of the landslide. Then estimate the Area. Figure 3: Total Length of the Landslide: 966.71 Meters
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Figure 4: Width of the Landslide at its middle point: 208 Meters
It is estimated that with a length of 966 Meters and a Width of 208 Meters, the area of effect has a total of 200928 M
2
.
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3)
Use the Area tool to create a polygon to determine the area of the landslide.
Figure 5: Delineated Area of the Landslide: Area is 193.1K Meters Squared
Compared to the estimation, it is quite accurate, to within 7000 m
2
. The extra area is likely generated from the fact that the area of the landslide is not a consistent polygon, thus using
the formula for a rectangular area would result in additional area being considered part of the landslide. 4)
During the weekend of June the 13/14
th
of 2015, the Tbilisi area received a rather intense storm. The Vere River Drainage basin was already compounded by major heavy rainfalls over the previous week, resulting in oversaturation of the watershed, resulting in a flashflood. As the high elevation stone laden soil began to give way, the soil was pulled down the hill face by the weight of the water. Once the terrain began to move, the outcome was already decided as several thousand tons of debris and material carved a path down the hill and into the Vere River, creating a massive torrent of mud and debris.
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5)
In the case of this landslide, I would consider it to be a debris flow. This is because when looking at the images from google earth, there’s no slumping effect. Slumping is caused by individual sections of the face breaking away over the span of several minutes to hours, which leaves a distinctive ridging pattern at the top of the landslide, and a series of
large lumps towards the bottom as the slumping terrain collapses and piles at the bottom of the terrain feature, which results in there still being a large soil face on the terrain feature. However, looking at the Tskneti landslide, it lacks both the slump features, the remnant soil terrain and the ridging pattern from the Head scarp. Instead, the Tskneti landslide has bare sandstone rock, and evident flow marks which travel to the nearest active basin. This means that the terrain rapidly sheered away from the terrain, causing a rapid flowing landslide. 6)
The Landslide I found was in Koslanda Sri Lanka. The landslide occurred on October 29
th
, 2014. The landslide was generated and occurred in the same manner as the Tskneti Landslide, after the region was struck with major reoccurring monsoons before the slide occurred, however the slide was much smaller, just over a third of the size.
Figure 6: Koslanda Sri Lanka 5/30/2012 Pre-Landslide
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Figure 7: Koslanda Sri Lanka 1/18/2015 Post-Landslide
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Figure 8: Koslanda Landslide measurements
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7)
Figure 9: Path and Data associate with the path across the length of the tailings.
8)
Using Trig, we can find tan
= opposite/adjacent
To find the opposite, we check the elevation profile, which indicates an Elevation Gain of
238 Meters. This represents the ‘Opposite’ of the equation.
To find the adjacent, we need the length of either the Hypotenuse or the Base side. The base side is also indicated in the elevation profile as ‘Range Total’. The range total is 458 Meters, and this represents the ‘adjacent’ side of the equation
So tan
= opposite/adjacent
tan
= 238/458
tan
= 51.9 degrees
Therefore, the angle of Repose is 51.9 Degrees, or simplified, 52 degrees. Anything beyond this results in the material collapsing down the hillside.
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9)
This is the angle I chose for the mine internal side slope. To find the average slope of the pit mine, we calculate the angle from the two points at the Slope toe and Crest, in an identical manner to the previous question (Its Trig.). Therefore, the same data types apply in the same way. Opposite = 159 M, Adjacent = 280
M
So tan
= opposite/adjacent
tan
= 159/280
tan
= 56.7 degrees
Therefore, the mine internal slope is roughly 56.7 or 57 degrees. 1.
The angle of the open pit mine affects four specific areas of mining operation. Slope Stability: The angle of the pit can affect the stability of the walls and the overall safety of the mine. Steeper slopes are more prone to collapses and rock falls, requiring additional safety measures and potentially limiting the size of equipment that can be used.
2.
Ore Extraction: The angle of the pit can also impact the efficiency of ore extraction. In general, steeper pit angles require more selective mining practices to avoid dilution of the
ore with waste rock. This can result in higher mining costs and lower overall ore recovery.
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3.
Equipment: The angle of the pit can also affect the type and size of equipment used in the
mining process. For instance, if the angle of the pit is steep, it may be difficult or impossible to use large equipment such as haul trucks or excavators, which can limit the rate of production.
4.
Environmental Impact: The angle of the pit can also affect the environmental impact of mining. Steeper pit angles can result in larger waste dumps and increased erosion, which can have negative impacts on local ecosystems and water quality.
Overall, the angle of an open pit mine is an important factor that must be carefully considered when planning and implementing mining operations. The specific practices used will depend on a variety of factors, including the geology of the deposit, the size and
shape of the pit, and the availability of resources and equipment.
10)
To start we have our two established data parameters. Angle = 51.9 Degrees and the Mass
of the Object is 3 Kg. To get the ‘Normal’ the equation Normal force = m x g x cos(α) is used, where mass time gravity times cosine of the angle is equal to Normal. In this case, 3kg * 9.8 * Cos(51.9) = 18.153 Normal Force. To get the Shear force, we calculate T = m g sin θ
Therefore: T = m g sin θ
T = 3 * 9.8 (sin 51.9)
T = 23.135
Therefore, the shear force of the boulder is 23.135 Newtons. 11)
Google earth provides humanity with a Unique and extremely versatile tool to prevent loss of life due to landslides or other terrain events. As seen through the lab, the ability to provide accurate terrain and elevation data provides users the ability to use analytics tools
to measure elevation and angles of terrain, identify river courses and overall watersheds, as well as a host of other abilities. Google Earth can also be used to identify natural disaster events such as earthquakes, floods, and wildfires. By comparing before and after satellite images, users can see the extent of damage caused by these events and track their
progression over time. Following a natural disaster, Google Earth can be used to assess the extent of damage and aid in the planning of recovery efforts. For example, it can be used to identify areas that have been impacted by a flood or wildfire and to determine the extent of damage to infrastructure such as roads and buildings. Lastly, Google Earth can also be used for planning and preparedness purposes. For example, it can be used to identify areas that are prone to flooding or landslides and to determine the most suitable locations for emergency shelters or evacuation routes. Overall, Google Earth is a valuable
tool for the analysis of landscape features and natural disaster events. Its high-resolution satellite imagery and mapping capabilities make it a useful resource for researchers, emergency responders, and other professionals involved in the study and management of natural disasters.