Week Six Review Worksheet
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Northern Virginia Community College *
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377
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Uploaded by ar1920
Week Six Review Worksheet
Must be handed in on Blackboard by 12pm this Thursday
Answer with True or False
The species area relationship claims that the smaller the area, the more species it is likely to
contain.
False
Larger, more contiguous areas tend to be less impacted by edge effects.
True
Fill in the blank
____
ecotones
____ are the transition areas between ecological communities.
The ___
rescue
__________ effect happens when the dynamics of metapopulations prevents the
extinction of a subpopulation through re-colonization from other subpopulations.
Circle or highlight the correct answer(s)
This graph is showing a
strong/weak
species-area relationship.
A
source/
sink
patch has lower-habitat quality, tends to be smaller, and cannot sustain a
population of the species.
Circle or highlight the correct answer
Which of the following can have impacts on the level of biodiversity within a patch:
Patch isolation
Patch size
Habitat Heterogeneity
Surrounding land cover
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Island Biogeography?
There is constant species turnover
Emigration varies with distance
Extinction rate varies with island (or patch) size
None of the above
Which of the following is a NOT a potential benefit to using the SLoSS method of several small reserves?
Small reserves are easier to acquire
Small reserves are less likely to be devastated by stochastic events
Small reserves may be better at protecting endemic species with narrow ranges
Small reserves can maintain populations of species that occur at low population densities
None of the above
A species is more vulnerable to fragmentation if:
The species is physically less mobile
If the species has high philopatry
The species is a generalist
The species has high dispersal power
The first two
None of the above
Answer the questions to the best of your ability
What are the two primary reasons more habitat area leads to more biodiversity?
The two primary reasons for more habitat area which leads to more biodiversity or species
richness are the size of the island or area of habitat and the distance between the species and
its habitat. The farther the mainland, the less likely that species would immigrate there, the
smaller the area, its less likely they wouldn’t survive and extinct. The opposite obviously
would be if the area was closer and larger the size of the mainland, more likely biodiversity
increases with species richness.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Would this equilibrium likely increase or decrease with patch
size?
Dynamic equilibrium is the net accumulation of species, its dynamic because we have
new and established species that are constant, but we also have species that go extinct.
Equilibrium would decrease with patches as its relatively towards small areas with ecosystems
that are different from other surrounding ecosystems. Areas that are small wouldn’t work for
most species but that depends what species we’re talking about. Many species vary in terms
of habitat size and their resource needs in order to survive. Some species need bigger areas to
live, some will do just fine with small areas, it just really depends on what species it is plus if
that area is sustainable for them to grow and thrive in.
(1) Using this image, which one of the islands (S*) would have the most species? Explain why
based off this graph alone. (2) After watching the video on slide 32 (start at minute 35), did E.O.
Wilson’s experiment hold up to the Theory of Island Biogeography? Did the islands return to
their original number of species after the mass extinction event? Were the species that
recolonized the islands after the mass extinction event the same species that colonized the
islands before the mass extinction event?
The island with the most species would be S*NL.
Reason why is because it has a larger island which is prone to have more area for specie
populations to grow/increase and that its less likely to have any extinction rate. Another
reason is, the species is higher in immigration rate when the island is near. The bigger the
island is the more population of species there are, closer the island, the more species are likely
to increase. E.O Wilson’s experiment did work as he and his colleague saw the insect that they
did their experiment on. Yes, the species reached back to equilibrium as how Wilson explained
that once you’ve taken a species away and once, they recolonized, would they come back at
equilibrium at which they were before? the answer is yes, they would.
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There are 16 wildlife refuges in Alaska (highlighted in blue). In terms of SLoSS, does Alaska use
more single large or several small reserve design or a combination of both? What are some
reasons as to why more large or small reserves are used? (you may hypothesize or do your own
research on the type of wildlife present)
It’s more several small reserve designs maybe a bit a
both. The wildlife refuges use more several small reserve designs as they’re better in
protecting endemic specie populations. I also believe that based on the map here that, it’s
probably easier or efficient to use several small reservations in protecting those species in
Alaska. There are some large reserve areas but not as much compared to the small reserves,
depending on the species each refuge is protecting, it contributes in using the different types
of reserve designs. Both usage of reserve designs are helpful in protecting and reserve species
populations as it can increase biodiversity in the ecosystem.
You are on a team conserving a disturbance intolerant and social species. Which of the reserves
above (green spaces) would you select to support this species population and why?
I would use 1 and 2, as you can see that the reserves are very large and have enough space
species populations. The more reserve land there is, the more population a species can
produce. In order to increase a species population or just biodiversity itself, you need a large
area where food can be provided, habitats are sustainable, and room to grow. If we were to
use 3 and 4, then the species population would decrease or fac extinction. Resources are
limited in those areas, there’s not enough space to increase the population, and there is very
little habitat for those species to live in.
1.
2.
3.
4.
After viewing the video on slide 42 of the landscape ecology ppt, answer the following
questions: what are some of the ways the habitat on Christmas Island is fragmented? What are
some of the mitigation tactics conservationists employ to protect the crabs during their
migration? How does this and other forms of connectivity aid conservation?
Some ways the habitat on Christmas Island is fragmented are the roads as the crabs travel
along the road as people drive and then you have people who do daily things like walking,
they have to watch where they’re walking or driving to avoid getting hit. Another way are the
long stretches of lawns can cause difficulties in travel to the ocean as they can die due to
dehydration. Basically, just a lot of roads, traffic and big lawns are fragmentations that pose as
obstacles and difficulties that the crabs on Christmas Island have to deal with in order to
survive. Many of the conservationists use the mitigation tactic of avoidance. It’s seen
throughout the video that they have lots of signs and warnings that help prevent disturbances
or harm towards the crabs. This forms connectivity aid in conservation as the corridors the
crabs use to travel as they’re small and less mobile. Individuals such as the conservationist
help in reducing isolation as they make every possible opportunity for the crabs to survive
with their mitigation tactics.
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