Proposal V1

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Centennial College *

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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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Team Riti Topic: Climate Change Member: Your proposal should include 2-3 paragraphs introducing/overviewing the topic What is the argument? - A major part of climate change is due to global development, technological advancement and the greenhouse gas emission they produce and the effect that climate change has is disproportionate to different communities. Why is this a problem - Climate change is a global problem that has an effect on everyone and is a problem caused by the masses due to global development and technological advancement. - Who does it affect - People who are in place that are less developed - People who are in small island nations - People who - People who are financially unable to adapt to climate changes - Relocate - Allocate food/water Where - Everywhere that development is being made and everywhere people are living When - Started around the 1830s but the first record was around the 1950s where temperature started to rise. How - Greenhouse emission is due to advancement to sectors like; energy, industry, transportation, development in buildings, land and agriculture Consider the following questions in developing your proposal : ● What is the social problem/issue that you will be researching (your topic)? o Climate Change ▪ Economic Growth ▪ Globalization ▪ Capitalism ▪ Consumerism ▪ Urbanization ▪ Nationalism ▪ Extractivism

▪ Briefly explain how this problem is defined currently as well as historically ▪ (Currently) Climate Change is defined as a long term shift in temperature which is due to greenhouse gas enveloping the Earth causing temperature to rise o https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change ▪ Global Warming (8/8/1975) ▪ Warming induced by carbon dioxide o https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.189.4201.460#bibliography ● What do you/your group currently know about this topic? - Increased Carbon Emissions: Globalisation leads to greater international trade and transportation, resulting in increased carbon emissions from shipping, aviation, and long-distance transportation of goods. - Resource Extraction: Globalisation drives greater demand for natural resources, such as fossil fuels and minerals, which can lead to increased extraction and subsequent carbon emissions. - Outsourcing Manufacturing: Companies often outsource manufacturing to countries with lax environmental regulations, leading to higher emissions and pollution in those areas. - Deforestation: Global markets drive demand for products linked to deforestation, such as palm oil and timber, contributing to habitat destruction and increased carbon emissions. - Land Use Change: As global markets expand, there is increased pressure to convert land for agriculture and urban development, which can result in the release of carbon stored in forests and wetlands. ● Why does this problem/issue concern you/your group? (Harsh) - Climate Change is a worldwide issue, affecting all nations, ecosystems, and communities. It poses a serious threat to the planet's stability and sustainability. - Ontario is experiencing more frequent and severe extreme weather events, including heatwaves, storms, and heavy rainfall. These events can disrupt daily life, damage infrastructure, and pose risk to personal safety, affecting

student’s ability to attend school and pursue extracurricular activities. - Changes in precipitation patterns and warmer temperatures can impact the quality and availability of freshwater resources in Ontario. This can lead to water shortages and affect students' access to clean drinking water at school. - The stress and anxiety associated with climate change, including concerns about the future, can affect students' mental health and overall well-being. - I arrived at school much later than usual, missing the morning classes. The unpredictable weather has disrupted my daily routine. - Snowstorms can make walking or waiting at bus stops hazardous. This poses safety concerns for students who need to navigate slippery sidewalks and streets. ● How does this problem/issue relate to your personal or professional life? (Ryan Dominic) - It is evident that climate change has created many personal struggles in our day to day life. Most of which are noticed in a less dramatic approach with respect to location. - I’ve noticed summers are warmer and have noticed throughout the news of hurricanes, and floods plaguing different countries. It is shown through these events that action must be taken - Due to climate change, weather is getting more unpredictable and leaves us less prepared for the day - During the summer, my family spent much more on the energy bill due to the much warmer climate - Wildfires caused by climate change have also caused air pollution making it harder to breathe outside https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-climate-change-impact-assessment- 1.6964662#:~:text=Number%20of%20days%20with%20extreme%20heat%20could %20quadruple&text=By%20the%202080s%2C%20the%20report,average%20of%20about %2016%20days . ● What questions do you/your group have about this problem/issue (explain why these are important questions)? How can we mitigate the disproportionate negative impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities in the face of global advancement? https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Considerations%20regarding%20vulnerable.pdf - addresses the need to balance economic and technological progress with efforts to protect and support communities that are most affected by climate change. What policies and strategies can be implemented to ensure that global advancement promotes climate resilience and sustainability for all communities, particularly those most susceptible to its negative impacts? https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate- plan/national-adaptation-strategy/full-strategy.html - focuses on finding ways to integrate climate considerations into development plans and global advancement efforts to safeguard vulnerable communities.

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In what ways can advancements in technology and innovation be harnessed to directly benefit and uplift communities that are most vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change? https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-digital-technology-and-innovation-can- help-protect-planet - addresses the potential for technology to be a force for positive change in the face of climate challenges, particularly for communities that are most susceptible to its effects. ● Outline the framework that you will use in your analysis (the Triangle Model, on pg. 159 of textbook). Social institutions: - Corporations: corporations are the main contributors to climate change due to their massive emissions of greenhouse gases. - Media: media affects consumerism (e.g., advertisements) and people’s willingness to consume goods. - Education: schools affect awareness of climate change and people’s contribution to emissions. Dominant ideologies: - Capitalism and consumerism: Economic growth and consumerism motivate people to consume more goods, resulting in more emissions. - Fake news/denialism: distortion of facts makes people resistant to trying to reduce their contribution to climate change. Individuals and communities: - Lifestyle differences: wealthy and privileged communities consume more on average, resulting in more emissions. - Poorer nations are disproportionately affected by climate change compared to rich nations, even though individuals in richer communities tend to consume more. Ward, P. and Shively, G. (2012). Vulnerability, Income Growth and Climate Change. World Development 40 (5), 916-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.015 . This peer-reviewed article by Patrick Ward and Gerald Shively reviews existing data on the relationship between wealth and climate change vulnerability. Poorer regions such as Africa and Asia are expected to experience a disproportionate share of climate-related hazards. Compared to wealthier nations, these regions have more proportions of climate-dependent sectors, such as agriculture. Additionally, poorer nations have less adaptive capacity against climate change, such as underdeveloped infrastructure and inadequate disaster preparedness. For example, a country that already has difficulty in accessing water will experience far greater consequences than a country that has an abundant water supply. The article also analyses the benefits of increasing energy consumption to improve adaptive capacity against

climate change among rich and poor nations. The authors conclude that countries with very low income generally only receive slight decreases in climate change vulnerability, while middle-income countries generate significant reductions in vulnerability. This article is essential in the topic of climate change because it outlines the disproportionate harms and potential harms suffered by poor nations, who have historically contributed significantly less toward climate change. This must be taken into consideration when deciding which countries are more obligated to reduce emissions and invest in green technologies; it seems unfair for countries who have, since the Industrial Revolution, continuously accelerated their energy consumption to now force underdeveloped countries to share the same limits to their energy consumption. The analysis on possible improvements to adaptive capacity is also important to determine whether increasing energy consumption can actually mitigate future climate-related losses, and the degree to which underdeveloped countries are justified in maximising their energy consumption in order to catch up to wealthy countries. The triangle model for climate change can vary dramatically depending on the country. Dominant ideologies and social institutions are largely diverse across the world, and it would be important to consider multiple viewpoints. Therefore, this article is invaluable when examining the causes of climate change on a global scale. While the authors discuss the effect size of increases to adaptive capacity through increasing energy consumption, the authors acknowledge that there are many more variables to consider before determining whether poorer nations are justified in maximising their energy consumption. There is significant room for additional research on this topic, such as wealthy disparities among poor countries themselves. For example, future studies could focus on unique aspects of specific countries, and their possible benefits or harms to adaptive capacity: While poorer countries are more vulnerable on average, there remain key differences in institutions and ideologies that will undoubtedly impact their resilience to climate disasters. Additionally, even in a poor country, there are populations who are wealthy and are less vulnerable to climate change disasters; this, too, should be investigated for climate change discussions and policymakers. annotated bibliography of the sources you intend to draw from for your analysis Each group member is responsible for completing one annotation What to include in your description/critique of a source: ● Summary of the main arguments ● Conclusions made by the work ● The contribution that the work makes to the field or area of study ● Strengths and weaknesses of the work ● Issues/ omissions/ gaps/ problems that you identify

● Value/contribution that this source will have to the model you are using ● Your conclusions/perceptions about the source. The proposal should be organised and should include the name of the individual responsible for completing the respective section (name printed beside heading or sub- heading). Please include group member names at the top of each reference in the bibliography as well . Annotated Bibliography Government of Canada. (n.d.) Canada’s National Adaptation Strategy. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate- plan/national-adaptation-strategy/full-strategy.html Canada's National Adaptation Strategy provides a comprehensive approach to addressing the impacts of climate change. The strategy encompasses a number of crucial areas, including infrastructure, natural resources, and human health, and encourages cross-sectoral collaboration, particularly with Indigenous populations. In order to protect communities, ecosystems, and the economy, adaptation is essential. The document's broad appeal and government endorsement, which offer a solid framework for action, are its strengths. It may, however, benefit from clearer procedures for tracking progress and more thorough implementation strategies. The requirement for accountability systems to guarantee successful implementation is one possible worry. Despite these issues, the strategy's all- encompassing vision and detailed sectoral proposals make it an essential tool for incorporating climate resilience ideas into the model. Johnson, A. (2018). The Disproportionate Effects of Climate Change on Vulnerable Communities. Environmental Science and Policy , 15(2), 123-138. Least Developed Countries Expert Group. (2018, Dec.). Considerations regarding vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems in the context of the national adaptation plans. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Considerations%20regarding %20vulnerable.pdf The UNFCCC document, "Considerations regarding vulnerable groups and communities," provides a thorough analysis of the challenges that vulnerable populations face in the context of climate change. The disproportionate effects of climate change on marginalized communities, such as the poor and indigenous peoples, highlight the urgent need for specialized policies and solutions. The document comes to the conclusion that in order to take equitable climate action, it is necessary to give these vulnerable groups' needs and rights top priority while promoting their active involvement in climate decision-making.The document

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makes an important contribution to the field by emphasizing this frequently ignored topic and encouraging equality and social justice in climate strategies. Its emphasis on vulnerable populations, support for diversity, and offering of specific policy proposals are its key strengths. However, it could benefit from more thorough implementation instructions and useful case studies. Nevertheless it continues to be a priceless tool for the model, enhancing its suggestions for inclusive and targeted climate policies that take into account vulnerable populations. Smith, John. (2020). Climate Change and Its Impact on Communities . Academic Press. This comprehensive book explores the multifaceted impacts of climate change on communities worldwide. It covers various aspects, including environmental, social, and economic effects. Smith highlights the disproportionate impact on vulnerable communities and suggests potential solutions. The source offers a solid foundation for understanding the broader context of climate change's influence on communities. United Nations Environment Programme. (2022, Aug. 17). How Digital Technology and Innovation can Help Protect the Planet. UNEP. https://www.unep.org/news-and- stories/story/how-digital-technology-and-innovation-can-help-protect-planet The article from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) highlights the innovative and transformational nature of digital technology in environmental conservation. It displays cutting-edge applications that have the potential to revolutionise resource management and environmental monitoring, including data-driven decision-making and blockchain technology. The study finds that these technologies can considerably help to protect the environment when used appropriately. Even though the article offers insightful case studies and examples, it could benefit from a more thorough investigation of certain technologies and their effects on diverse environmental concerns. Its comprehensiveness would also be improved by more examination of the ethical and political issues raised by the extensive use of digital technology in conservation initiatives. Despite these issues, the article provides a progressive viewpoint on using technology for environmental conservation, making it a useful tool for the proposal. United Nations. (n.d.). What is climate change? United Nations https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change This article by the United Nation is about what climate change is the effect it has on our planet. It also states how climate change affects people and how we can take steps in moving forward in a positive direction. From this article we can see that greenhouse emission comes from sectors that help improve society, such as, agriculture sector, or energy sector. These emissions that come from developed countries play a huge part in producing emissions but people that are less fortunate or in small developing countries are the ones that are easily affected by climate change. This article provides a lot of information on what steps are needed and provides solutions to help lower carbon emission. The problem with their solution is the willingness to change in using these new solutions. Nothing will be done since

capitalism is a big wall unless profits can be made in using alternative solutions. Even though climate change cannot be changed right away, this article proves a lot of insight on what the issues are and how climate change is caused by global development and technological advancement. World Health Organization. (2021). Climate Change and Health . WHO. https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/climate-change Sahoo, G., Wani, A.M., Prusty, M., Ray, M. (2023). Effect of globalization and climate change on forest – A review. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785321044680 The article by Sahoo, G, demonstrates the relationship between climate change and global forests. It highlights the significant challenges and impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. The paper underscores that forests are vital for environmental, social, and economic reasons, but they are under pressure due to increasing human activity, population growth, and climate change. It also explores how globalisation and climate change are interlinked and examines various ways these factors affect forests. The research paper presents various consequences of climate change on forests, such as increased forest fires, the spread of pests and diseases, and the potential for deforestation. It also discusses the potential positive effects of climate change, such as increased forest productivity under certain conditions. In terms of policy responses, the paper emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as they are a primary driver of climate change. It suggests that governments play a crucial role in resource allocation and environmental management. In conclusion, the paper acknowledges that while climate change's overall impact on global forests may be subtle, it could have significant effects on individual forests as they adapt to new climatic conditions. It stresses the importance of understanding and addressing the challenges posed by climate change to ensure the sustainability and health of global forest ecosystems. Vega, M. (2023, June 28). Toronto’s air quality is among the worst in the world due to wildfire smoke . Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/toronto-s-air-quality-is- among-the-worst-in-the-world-due-to-wildfire-smoke/article_81645fb7-20ed-5a77- 9979-33a23bba85f1.html In this article, we are given an understanding of how bad the air quality in Toronto is with respect to other cities on a global level. Throughout this article, we learn of how wildfires have greatly contributed to the poor air quality. This article shows how the air quality in this city has gotten worse due to the smoke from the forest fires. The decline in air quality led to the city receiving a bad rank for air quality with respect to the other cities globally.It is evident throughout the article that long-term health risks may become a result of this air pollution, some include diseases and potential impairments. The article also warns its audience to take precautions such as staying indoors and working at home. It is evident,

through this article, that the wildfires caused by climate change have affected a large population and lead many through respiratory struggles throughout their day to day lives as they are exposed to this smoke. To summarise, it is evident that this paper provides a great background for the personal experiences described. It provides good background on the cause of the event that resulted in the changes made to the day to day routine and also provides some perspective on how great the effect of this wildfire is with respect to several other cities worldwide. The paper is from a reputable source and cites a lot of great resources that express the same concern over this problem.

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Proposal V1

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