3.04 Lab Report Template Rev 2022
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University of Maryland *
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Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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5
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3.04 Honors Sound in the Sea Lab
Fill in the blue boxes of this lab report as you complete a lab that investigates the relationship between
temperature, solute and bubbles on the speed of sound. Carefully read all instructions and background
information.
Student Name
Rotsen Velasco
Date
11/6/23
Review the instructions for the lab here:
https://tinyurl.com/22urc82z
If you are unable to complete the hands-on lab, use this slideshow to complete the lab report:
https://tinyurl.com/yjts5av3
Objective (2 points)
What is the purpose of this lab? (Use a complete sentence to state your answer.)
This lab's purpose is to illustrate what affects the speed of sound.
Hypothesis (2 points)
A hypothesis is a prediction of what will occur during an experiment. The hypotheses for this lab should
reflect all 3 variables (so 3 hypotheses) and should be in the “if, then” format.
What are your 3 hypotheses for the 3.04 lab? (Use complete “if/then” sentences to state your answer.)
1.
If the temperature is raised, then the frequency of sound will be higher
2.
If bubbles are added to the water, then the frequency of sound will be lower.
3.
If coffee is added to the water, then the frequency of sound will stay the same.
Variables & Procedure (5 points)
Remember, the independent variable refers to what is changed during an experiment. The dependent
variable refers to what is measured during an experiment. Because we are testing 3 different variables,
you will need to list all 3 independent variables.
Independent variables:
The temperature of the water, bubbles in the water, and coffee in water.
Dependent variable:
The frequency
Page 1 of 5
Trial 1: Temperature
Write the procedure for trial 1 of the lab procedure. (Number your steps and use complete sentences.
You may add more steps if necessary)
1.
Gather materials (water and different temperature water, 3 graduated cylinders.)
2.
Gather 80 ml of cold water (10C), room temperature water (30C) and hot water at 40C
(microwave for 45 sec) in 3 separate graduated cylinders.
3.
Listen to the sound they each make when hit by a spoon and record results.
Trial 2: Disturban (bubbles)
Write the procedure for trial 2 of the lab procedure. (Number your steps and use complete sentences.
You may add more steps if necessary)
1.
Gather 2 graduated cylinders all containing 80 ml of room temperature water.
2.
Add a straw into a cylinder for bubble blowing.
3.
Record the sound frequency of the graduated cylinder while blowing bubbles and still water.
Trial 3: Solute (coffee)
Write the procedure for trial 3 of the lab procedure. (Number your steps and use complete sentences.
You may add more steps if necessary)
1.
Gather materials ( coffee, 2 graduated cylinders)
2.
Gather 80 ml of water and place into each graduated cylinder
3.
Place coffee into one of the cylinders and stir for 1 minute to allow it to dissolve
4.
Record results.
Data (7 points)
Data tables and graphs should be included in this section. If you took pictures, these may be included
here (optional). If using the slideshow provided, complete the following data table with the
measurements and observations you made during the procedure of this lab.
Please click here to
access the slideshow.
Water Property
Temperature
in degrees
C
Description of sound
Frequency/Pitch
in Hertz
Cold Water
10
Medium sound
659.5Hz
Room Temp Water
30
Medium sound
785.4Hz
Hot Water
40
Very high sound
880.0Hz
Page 2 of 5
Bubbly Water
30
Medium, yet fluctuating sound
698.5Hz
Coffee Water
28
Low sound
786.1Hz
Conclusion (13 points)
Please answer the following questions using complete sentences.
1.
Explain how the design of this experiment was an effective way to test the effects of changing
variables on the speed of sound.
The design of this experiment was effective in showing the effects of changing variables on the
speed of sound because it was compared with the control group of room temperature water, still
water, and plain water for all independent variables.
2.
What properties of water did you investigate? Why?
I investigated hot water, cold water, room temperature water, bubbly water, and coffee water.
3.
What differences in sound between boiling water and ice water did you observe? Why?
The differences between the boiling water were the frequencies, the hot water( 880.0Hz) had a
much higher frequency than the ice water(659.5Hz). This happens because hot water is much
less dense than cold water so the vibration of the molecules is bigger.
4.
How do you think temperature affects sound in the global ocean?
Like with any body of water, temperature has an impact on sound: sound travels more slowly in
colder regions of the ocean due to higher density and energy levels, and less quickly in warmer
regions. It can be inferred from this that sound waves travel slower in deeper oceanic regions
than they do through water closer to the surface.
5.
What differences in sound between still water and bubbling water did you observe? Why? Did you
observe a change based on the size of the bubbles?
6.
How do you think bubbles affect sound in the global ocean?
Because the air within bubbles is significantly more compressible than the water, bubbles have a
significant impact on sound in the ocean. Sound is only produced by the bubbles during their
formation; after that, it disperses at various rates.
7.
What differences in sound between plain water and coffee did you observe? Why? Did you observe
a change over time?
Page 3 of 5
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I noticed that sound traveled through plain water far more quickly than it did through water
containing the coffee mixture. This is because adding something like coffee to water makes it
denser, which in turn makes it more difficult for sound waves to pass through.
8.
What effects do you think climate change and warming oceans may have on the way sounds move
through the ocean?
The primary effect of climate change is raising ocean temperatures, which will generally cause
sound to travel across the water more quickly.On the other hand, some aspects of climate
change result in extreme weather, storms, and abrupt temperature decreases, which may cause
the ocean to rise or fall and have an adverse effect on the speed at which sound travels.
9.
Sound speed is affected by the oceanographic variables of temperature, salinity, and pressure. We
can look at the effect of each of these variables on the sound speed by focusing on one spot in the
ocean. When oceanographers look at the change of an oceanographic variable with water depth,
they call it a profile. Similar to the profile of your face, which gives a side view of your face, an
oceanographic profile gives you a side view of the ocean at one location from top to bottom. It looks
at how that characteristic of the ocean changes as you go from the sea surface straight down to the
seafloor.
Displayed above are the basic profiles for a site in the deep, open ocean roughly halfway between
the equator and the North or South Pole. In these profiles, temperature decreases as the water gets
deeper while salinity and pressure increase with water depth. Here we are referring to the ocean
pressure due to the weight of the overlying water (equilibrium pressure), not to the pressure
associated with a sound wave, which is much, much smaller. In general, temperature usually
decreases with depth, salinity can either increase or decrease with depth, and pressure always
increases with depth.
What do you think happens to the speed of sound based on the temperature, salinity, and pressure
profiles depicted above?
Page 4 of 5
The presented figures indicate that increasing salinity and pressure will result in denser water.
According to the reasoning, pressure rises with depth in every case. Since depth causes
temperature to drop, sound would probably not travel as quickly.
Save This Google Doc
A copy of this Google Doc will automatically be saved to your Google Drive. You may edit this Google
Doc online at any time and also access it through the Google Doc app on your smartphone or tablet.
However, to obtain credit for this assignment, you must save this completed document to your
computer and submit it online within your marine science class.
Please click here to view instructions
on how to save this Google Doc as a PDF on your computer.
Next Steps
After completing this document, please open your marine science “Assessments” tab and click on
“03.04 Honors Sound in the Sea” assignment. Please upload your .pdf and submit for assignment
credit. Note that a link to your Google Doc will not be accepted for credit.
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