GEOG 1HA3 - Summer2017 - jkl session 1

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McMaster University *

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3200

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Geography

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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21

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Ø Introduction Ø Globalization, Cultural Diversity, and the Environment Ø Globalization history (early example) Ø Impacts Ø Cultural Diversity Ø Biodiversity and Culture Ø Summary/Conclusion
Ø Global distribution of the production of goods and services and the subsequent impacts on trade. Ø Global interactions that impact communities and individuals. Ø New term for colonization (economic or cultural instead of territorial)
Ø Spice Trade Ø Silk Road Ø Ancient Exchange between: • China, India, and East Indies • European, Egyptian, and Persian empires
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Ø 15 th Century (1400s) Ø Ottoman Empire (Moors, Muslim Caliphate) located in what is now called the middle-east. Ø Turkey, Eastern Europe, Eastern Africa, and Western Asia.
Ø Christians and Muslims fought over an otherwise relatively unproductive piece of territory for centuries (Crusades and Jihads) in the name of God. Ø Real reason was trade. • Spice and Silk in 1400s • Oil in the 1900s • Water in the 2000 and 2100s
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Ø 1453 Global impact of the Ottoman control over Silk Road and Spice Trade was a general freakout by Europe. Ø ‘ Age of Discovery ’ was an attempt to find new trade routes, markets, and resources. Ø 1492 A territorial dispute thousands of miles away resulted in the contact and eventual colonization of North and South America.
Ø Globalization impacts practically every facet of daily life. • Environment • Economy • Culture • Politics • Personal Relationships
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Ø Cultural Diversity • The number of cultures present in a country, region, or globally. Ø Biological Diversity (Biodiversity) • The number of species present in an environment or ecosystem.
Ø Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) One of a number of United Nations conventions which came out of negotiations at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro. Approximately 184 signatories Canada ratified in 1994 Ø Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)
Ø Article 8j Signatory states are compelled to (within sovereign legislation) protect and promote the use of Traditional Knowledge in the protection of Biological Diversity.
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Ø Traditional Medicine (Knowledge) • “ The sum total of knowledge, skills, and practices based on theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, and improvement of treatment of physical and mental illness. ” World Health Organization
Ø Estimates vary, but it is generally agreed that the current extinction rate for species across the globe is occurring at an unprecedented level. (Usually need an asteroid to do it this fast.) Ø Loss is not restricted to “ hot spots ” in the tropics or oceans. Agricultural products are also losing diversity, as well as ecosystems dealing with ‘ Alien Invasive Species ’ .
Ø “ As we lament the collapse of biological diversity, we pay to little heed to a parallel process of loss, the demise of cultural diversity, the erosion of what might be termed the ethnosphere. In short, the artistic, intellectual, and spiritual expression of the full complexity and diversity of the human experience. (Davis:12-14:2000) ”
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Ø Approximately 6000 to 7000 languages worldwide. Ø Highest concentrations of languages follow those areas with the highest levels of biodiversity. Ø Over half of the worlds ’ languages are not being taught to children in homes as mother tongue.
Ø In Canada, over 150 languages prior to European contact. Ø Currently, 60 ‘ viable ’ languages. Ø Only 4 of these are expected to survive the next century.
Ø Loss of food security Both agriculturally and with respect to wild or country foods. Ø Loss of ‘ novel ’ uses of plants especially medicines Ø Loss of genetic ‘ memory ’ for remaining species or varieties.
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Ø Potato Famine • Drastic example of extreme loss of diversity • Current parallels Ø Haanta Virus • Healers and researchers arrived at the same conclusion in parallel.
Ø Language • What questions are asked? Ø Political/Social structure • How the questions are answered? Ø Knowledge Transfer • How and which answers are stored and shared?
When all people share the same story, the world will cease to exist.
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