IB417_16_problem_solving_class_questions
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University of Victoria *
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Finance
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Transaction and Operational Exposure Questions
Question 1
–
Forward and options hedging, Accounts receivable
Pfizer Inc. does business with Astrazeneca.
Astrazeneca has purchased the right to access certain patents for the next 10 years. The agreed cost was
£25,000,000, to be paid by Astrazeneca in 90 days. The current spot rate is $1.72/£
a)
Would an appreciation or depreciation of the GBP favour Pfizer?
Pfizer would like to consider the following hedging opportunities:
b)
The 90-day forward contract which is currently $1.70/£. What would this forward hedge look like
on a graph? (y-axis = USD proceeds, x-axis = Ending spot rate ($/£)
c)
The 90-day OTM put hedge with a strike price of $1.67/£ and an options premium of $0.02.
i.
How much is the options premium?
ii.
What would this put hedge look like on a graph? (y-axis = USD proceeds, x-axis = Ending
spot rate ($/£)
d)
If the put hedge is used and the spot rate in 90 days was $1.62/£ how many USD will Pfizer
receive?
Question 2
–
Forward and options hedging, Accounts payable.
•
International Mining and Drilling Inc. is a US company that has purchased £10,000,000 in equipment
from the UK. This is due to be paid in 90 days (“accounts payable”). The following information is
known:
Current spot rate: $1.75/£
90-day forward rate: $1.854/£
90-day, 1.75 call on GBP: 3.0 cents
GBP 90-day interest rate per annum: 2%
US 90-day interest rate per annum: 2.8%
•
Set up 3 alternative hedging strategies:
a)
Forward hedge.
•
Plot the forward hedge (y-axis, cost in USD, x-axis, ending spot rate.)
b)
ATM call option hedge
•
Plot the call option hedge (y-axis, cost in USD, x-axis, ending spot rate.)
c)
The MM hedge
•
List the transaction you would make and state the synthetic forward rate locked in.
•
Hint 1: We are doing accounts payable here so graph cost on y-axis and spot rate ($/£) on the x-axis.
•
Hint 2: We are looking at cost here
–
careful when constructing hedges
Question 3
–
hedging contingent exposure
ABC (US) Inc is bidding on a $980m project to build a Dam in the Canada. If they win the bid they will
receive C$20m to start the project. They find out in 3 months time.
Issue: They would like to hedge this sum… but what if they do not win the bid?
They decide to hedge this contingent exposure by taking a long put position in 3 months time.
Specifically, they buy CAD options contracts with an option premium of 0.01 USD per CAD. Each contract
is for 10,000 CAD and has a strike price of 0.75 USD/CAD.
a)
How many contracts should they purchase, and how much will this cost?
b)
What should they do if they win the bid and the spot exchange rate in 3 months time is:
i.
0.8 USD/CAD? How many USD will they have?
ii.
0.7 USD/CAD? How many USD will they have?
c)
How would your answer to part b) change if they were to lose the project?
Question 4
–
MM hedge
Let the spot and forward exchange rates be 1.6 $/£ and 1.7 $/£ respectively.
Further let the 12 month US
and UK interest rates be 6% and 4 % per annum.
“Exports UK Ltd”
is expecting a customer to pay them
$1,250,000 in 12 months in payment for goods provided.
a)
Using the money markets, show how the company can guarantee how many GBP it will receive in 12
months time.
b)
Would the company have been better served using the forward rate?
c)
How would you answer to part (a) change if the company had to pay a creditor $1,250,000 in 12
months time, instead of receiving this amount as payment? What about part b)?
Question 5
–
natural hedge
German Wings Intl. of Düsseldorf has the following foreign currency sums incoming and outgoing as
below:
Accounting reference
Foreign currency amount
Due: 90 days
925271-$-AP
12,000,000
32064-$-AR
10,000,000
99069-$-AP
2,000,000
853922-Y-AP
120,000,000
979079-Y-AR
121,000,000
612961-Y-AR
150,000,000
33150-$-AR
15,000,000
179258-$-AR
4,000,000
108076-£-AP
300,000
438435-£-AR
5,000,000
3522-£-AR
12,000,000
Note in their accounting system AP standard for an entry under accounts payable and AR standards for
accounts receivable. Further, their accounting system denotes the foreign currency under which they
either receive or have to pay.
The company typically does not hedge all currency exposure. However they are quite concerned
regarding the USD. The current exchange rate is 1.09USD/EUR. The company would like to hedge 90% of
their USD exchange rate exposure using the forward market. The 90-day forward rate is currently 1.10
USD/EUR.
a)
Should they buy or sell the EUR on the forward market?
b)
What is the amount of USD that you have hedged? How much is unhedged?
c)
If the exchange rate in 90 days is 1.15 USD/EUR, how many EURs will the company have?
Question 6
–
Risk sharing contracts
Dell Inc and Arm Ltd have entered into a risk sharing contract. Arm supplied computer chips to Dell and
invoices in GBP. To share the exchange rate risk they agree a range of applicable rates Dell will pay Arm
at:
0.69-0.74 GBP/USD.
If the rate is out of this range, they agree to split the cost between them equally.
Dell Inc has to pay 12,000,000 GBP to Arm Ltd in 3 months.
If in 3 months the exchange rate in the market upon payment is 0.66 GBP/USD, how many USD will Dell
use to convert to GBP and pay Arm?
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Question 7
–
Cross-hedging
A US firm has an accounts receivable in Korean Won (KRW) due in 6 months and would like to hedge this
position.
Given the KRW and the Japanese Yen (JPY) are highly correlated they decide to try to hedge their
exchange rate exposure using JPY. To do this they sell an amount of JPY (equivalent to the KRW accounts
receivable) in the forward market (into USD) for delivery in 6 months.
See below of financial information.
How many USD will the US company receive in total?
[Hint: Work out the USD received for the accounts receivable and add/subtract the USD profit/loss from
the forward hedge.]
Accounts Receivable:
6,750,000,000 KRW
Spot exchange rates
KRW/USD
JPY/USD
KRW/JPY
TODAY:
1360
144
9
6m:
1440
154
8.99
Forward contract price, agreed today for delivery in 6 months:
149.1
JPY/USD
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urrent Attempt in Progress
Assume that Henry Corporation has a contractual debt outstanding. Henry has available two means of settlement: It can either make immediate payment of $1,485,000, or it can make annual
payments of $195,000 for 10 years, each payment due on the last day of the year.
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Question Content Area
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(Click here to see present value and future value tables)
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Present value of Option 2
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B. Which option should Ralston choose?
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Question content area top
Part 1
(Present value of a complex stream) Don Draper has signed a contract that will pay him
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at the end of each year for the next
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(Round to the nearest cent.)
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Present value
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