IB417_16_problem_solving_class_questions

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Transaction and Operational Exposure Questions Question 1 Forward and options hedging, Accounts receivable Pfizer Inc. does business with Astrazeneca. Astrazeneca has purchased the right to access certain patents for the next 10 years. The agreed cost was £25,000,000, to be paid by Astrazeneca in 90 days. The current spot rate is $1.72/£ a) Would an appreciation or depreciation of the GBP favour Pfizer? Pfizer would like to consider the following hedging opportunities: b) The 90-day forward contract which is currently $1.70/£. What would this forward hedge look like on a graph? (y-axis = USD proceeds, x-axis = Ending spot rate ($/£) c) The 90-day OTM put hedge with a strike price of $1.67/£ and an options premium of $0.02. i. How much is the options premium? ii. What would this put hedge look like on a graph? (y-axis = USD proceeds, x-axis = Ending spot rate ($/£) d) If the put hedge is used and the spot rate in 90 days was $1.62/£ how many USD will Pfizer receive? Question 2 Forward and options hedging, Accounts payable. International Mining and Drilling Inc. is a US company that has purchased £10,000,000 in equipment from the UK. This is due to be paid in 90 days (“accounts payable”). The following information is known: Current spot rate: $1.75/£ 90-day forward rate: $1.854/£ 90-day, 1.75 call on GBP: 3.0 cents GBP 90-day interest rate per annum: 2% US 90-day interest rate per annum: 2.8% Set up 3 alternative hedging strategies: a) Forward hedge. Plot the forward hedge (y-axis, cost in USD, x-axis, ending spot rate.) b) ATM call option hedge Plot the call option hedge (y-axis, cost in USD, x-axis, ending spot rate.)
c) The MM hedge List the transaction you would make and state the synthetic forward rate locked in. Hint 1: We are doing accounts payable here so graph cost on y-axis and spot rate ($/£) on the x-axis. Hint 2: We are looking at cost here careful when constructing hedges Question 3 hedging contingent exposure ABC (US) Inc is bidding on a $980m project to build a Dam in the Canada. If they win the bid they will receive C$20m to start the project. They find out in 3 months time. Issue: They would like to hedge this sum… but what if they do not win the bid? They decide to hedge this contingent exposure by taking a long put position in 3 months time. Specifically, they buy CAD options contracts with an option premium of 0.01 USD per CAD. Each contract is for 10,000 CAD and has a strike price of 0.75 USD/CAD. a) How many contracts should they purchase, and how much will this cost? b) What should they do if they win the bid and the spot exchange rate in 3 months time is: i. 0.8 USD/CAD? How many USD will they have? ii. 0.7 USD/CAD? How many USD will they have? c) How would your answer to part b) change if they were to lose the project? Question 4 MM hedge Let the spot and forward exchange rates be 1.6 $/£ and 1.7 $/£ respectively. Further let the 12 month US and UK interest rates be 6% and 4 % per annum. “Exports UK Ltd” is expecting a customer to pay them $1,250,000 in 12 months in payment for goods provided. a) Using the money markets, show how the company can guarantee how many GBP it will receive in 12 months time. b) Would the company have been better served using the forward rate? c) How would you answer to part (a) change if the company had to pay a creditor $1,250,000 in 12 months time, instead of receiving this amount as payment? What about part b)?
Question 5 natural hedge German Wings Intl. of Düsseldorf has the following foreign currency sums incoming and outgoing as below: Accounting reference Foreign currency amount Due: 90 days 925271-$-AP 12,000,000 32064-$-AR 10,000,000 99069-$-AP 2,000,000 853922-Y-AP 120,000,000 979079-Y-AR 121,000,000 612961-Y-AR 150,000,000 33150-$-AR 15,000,000 179258-$-AR 4,000,000 108076-£-AP 300,000 438435-£-AR 5,000,000 3522-£-AR 12,000,000 Note in their accounting system AP standard for an entry under accounts payable and AR standards for accounts receivable. Further, their accounting system denotes the foreign currency under which they either receive or have to pay. The company typically does not hedge all currency exposure. However they are quite concerned regarding the USD. The current exchange rate is 1.09USD/EUR. The company would like to hedge 90% of their USD exchange rate exposure using the forward market. The 90-day forward rate is currently 1.10 USD/EUR. a) Should they buy or sell the EUR on the forward market? b) What is the amount of USD that you have hedged? How much is unhedged? c) If the exchange rate in 90 days is 1.15 USD/EUR, how many EURs will the company have? Question 6 Risk sharing contracts Dell Inc and Arm Ltd have entered into a risk sharing contract. Arm supplied computer chips to Dell and invoices in GBP. To share the exchange rate risk they agree a range of applicable rates Dell will pay Arm at: 0.69-0.74 GBP/USD. If the rate is out of this range, they agree to split the cost between them equally. Dell Inc has to pay 12,000,000 GBP to Arm Ltd in 3 months. If in 3 months the exchange rate in the market upon payment is 0.66 GBP/USD, how many USD will Dell use to convert to GBP and pay Arm?
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Question 7 Cross-hedging A US firm has an accounts receivable in Korean Won (KRW) due in 6 months and would like to hedge this position. Given the KRW and the Japanese Yen (JPY) are highly correlated they decide to try to hedge their exchange rate exposure using JPY. To do this they sell an amount of JPY (equivalent to the KRW accounts receivable) in the forward market (into USD) for delivery in 6 months. See below of financial information. How many USD will the US company receive in total? [Hint: Work out the USD received for the accounts receivable and add/subtract the USD profit/loss from the forward hedge.] Accounts Receivable: 6,750,000,000 KRW Spot exchange rates KRW/USD JPY/USD KRW/JPY TODAY: 1360 144 9 6m: 1440 154 8.99 Forward contract price, agreed today for delivery in 6 months: 149.1 JPY/USD