Practice 1st Midterm Exam - ff23F1MPE

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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm Foundations of Finance COR1-GB.2311 Practice 1 st Midterm Exam Prof. Anthony Lynch First Name: _________________ Last Name: ____________________________ Student ID: _________________________ Stern Honor Code : “I pledge my honor that I have not violated the Stern Honor Code in the completion of this examination.” Signature: __________________________________________________ Instructions : 80 minutes. Open Book, but you are only allowed access to one electronic device during the exam (not a cell phone) for only two purposes: using Excel, or to access files already on the electronic device or on the course Brightspace page. You are only allowed access to a cell phone in addition to the one allowed electronic device if it has an inbuilt calculator that you want to use for calculations. You must leave it in airplane mode for the entire exam. I will check that the phone is in airplane mode at random times during the exam. While taking the exam, you cannot communicate with anyone registered for the course, or anyone else, via phone or electronically (which includes email, text message, Twitter, and Facebook). You are permitted the use of Excel and a financial or scientific calculator. Starting on page 2, you will find 15 multiple choice questions which will be graded on a correct/incorrect basis. Answer all questions. Enter your final answer for all questions in the answer sheet on the last page of this exam which is page 17. We will only look at the last page for answers. Use capital letters for your answers: A, B, C, D or E. Each question is worth 1 point so the maximum number of points you can earn is 15. If you get stuck on a question, guess, move on, and come back at the end if you have time. You must only write on the pages of the exam during the exam. You will fail the exam if you are found to have written on anything other than exam. Use the backs of pages for calculations if you need to. Do not detach any pages. Any detached pages will result in a 5 point penalty. Write your name and ID number on the first page and the last page (answer sheet) of the exam. Failure to do so will result in a 5 point penalty. You must hand in all pages. Failure to hand in all pages will result in failure of the exam. Good luck! 1
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 1. Tom borrows $10000 from the bank at a 6% APR with monthly compounding and agrees to make monthly payments at the end of each month for the next 5 years. What will be his monthly repayment? A $196 B $2,374 C $619 D $143 E $193 2
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 2. Your local S&L provides you with the following information concerning a possible 1- year single repayment loan. You pay 2 “points” (1 point = 1%) up front of the amount borrowed, and the effective interest rate you are charged is 10%. If you borrow $4,000 for one year on these terms, at what effective rate are you actually borrowing. A 10.59% B 11.04% C 11.20% D 12.24% E 12.48% 3
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 3. The company Mr. Z works for will deposit $600 at the end of each month into his retirement fund. Interest is compounded monthly. Mr. Z plans to retire 15 years from now and estimates that he will need $2,000 per month out of the account for the next 20 years (after retirement) each payment to be received at the end of each month. If the account pays 8.0% APR compounded monthly, how much does Mr. Z need to put into the account in addition to his company deposit in order to meet his objective? A $0.00 B $57.59 C $90.99 D $95.88 E $104.49 4
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 4. If you deposit $2,500 at the end of each six months into an account which offers an APR of 5.5% interest compounded quarterly, how much will be in the account in 5 years? A $13,953 B $16,931 C $26,605 D $28,357 E $32,188 5
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 5. When you were born, your dear old Aunt Minnie promised to deposit $1,000 into a savings account, bearing a 5% effective annual rate, on each birthday, beginning with your first. You have just turned 22 and want the dough. However, it turns out that dear old (forgetful) aunt Minnie made no deposits on your fifth and eleventh birthdays. How much is in the account right now? A $31,976 B $34,503 C $43,888 D $47,983 E $51,889 6
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 6. The order book for PQR stock is given by the following table: PQR Price Limit Buy Limit Sell 100.80 100 sh 100.75 100 sh 100.70 100.65 100sh 100.60 100 sh 100.55 100 sh A market buy order or a market sell order, each for 100 shares, may come in. Then, A a market buy will be executed at 100.80 and a market sell at 100.55 B a market buy will be executed at 100.55 and a market sell at 100.80 C a market buy will be executed at 100.75 and a market sell at 100.65 D a market buy will be executed at 100.65 and a market sell at 100.75 E a market buy will be executed at 100.70 and a market sell at 100.70 7
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 7. Exactly one year ago XYZ stock had just run up from $12 per share to $25 per share. Then, (one year ago) with a net worth of $20,000, you bought $40,000 worth of XYZ stock on margin at $25 per share. The rate at which your broker would lend to you was 8.5% (EAR). XYZ did not pay any dividends over the last year. The stock is presently trading at $27 per share. Commissions are $0.50 per share (each way, i.e., when buying and when selling a share), but paid when you close the position. If you close out your position today, what is your total profit or loss on the entire transaction? A Profit of $1500 B Profit of $1400 C Profit of $ 43,200 D Loss of $100 E Loss of $1600 8
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 8. What is the expected return on a two asset portfolio of assets A and B, where you borrow 50% of the portfolio’s value by selling short B, which has an expected return of 6%, and you use the proceeds from the short plus all the portfolio’s value to buy A, which has an expected return of 10%? A 8% B 18% C 120% D 12% E None of the above 9
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 9. Which of the following statements about short selling a risk-free security is true: A It is impossible to short sell risk-free securities B Even combined with other securities, the short sale makes no sense C This transaction is in principle equivalent to borrowing money D This transaction is in principle equivalent to lending money E There are not any margin requirements associated with shorting a risk-free security. 10
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 10. Mr. X, who has mean-variance preferences, considers the following two funds: Sure-thing fund: Expected Return = 16%, Standard Deviation of Return = 15% Sure-bet fund: Expected Return = 12%, Standard Deviation of Return = 8% The correlation between the funds’ returns is 0.7, and T-bill rate is 8%. Mr. X forms portfolio Y using the two funds, and then combines Y with T-bills. The weights of the two funds in the portfolio Y are 43.56% in Sure-thing fund and 56.44% in Sure-bet fund. The standard deviation of portfolio Y’s return is: A 11.50% B 11.16% C 10.69% D 10.43% E 10.22% 11
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 11. Suppose Kim and Susan care only about the mean and standard deviation of their portfolio return. Kim is less risk averse than Susan. They agree on the opportunity set available. Suppose that Susan’s total portfolio is the tangency portfolio. Which of these portfolios (if any) is Kim’s total portfolio? A The riskfree asset B The tangency portfolio C Buy the tangency portfolio on margin D A portfolio with positive weights in the riskfree asset and the tangency portfolio E None of the above 12
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 12. Mrs. R is using a model of returns for next year with three possible states at the end of the year, Boom Recovery and Recession. Recovery is the most likely state with a 60% chance of occurring. Boom had a 10% of occurring and Recession has a 30% chance. The model indicates the following 1-year returns on assets A, B and C: State A B C Boom 30% 90% 42% Recovery 10% 5% 8% Recession -20% -30% -10% Last year, A’s return was 30% and B’s return was 90%. The current1-year riskless rate is 5%. The expected returns on A and B satisfy: A A is expected to have a higher return than B B B is expected to have a higher return than A C A and B are expected to have returns above 5% D A and B are expected to have the same return E Both B and C 13
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 13. Ms. V is using a probability model of annual returns for the next year that implies an expected annual return on stock A of 2% and an expected annual return on stock C of 7%. The 1-year riskless rate available today is 4%. Ms. V is risk averse and realizes that she has mean-variance preferences. She also has an investment horizon of one year and wants to construct a portfolio from either (i) a 1-year riskless asset and stock A only, or (ii) a 1-year riskless asset and stock C only. Ms. V has already told you that she will not be 100% in the 1-year riskless asset irrespective of whether she combines the 1-year riskless asset with stock A only or with stock C only. A For (i), she will short A; for (ii), she will short C B For (i), she will buy A using her own funds or on margin; for (ii), she will short C C For (i), she will short A; for (ii), she will buy C using her own funds or on margin D For (i), she will buy A using her own funds or on margin; for (ii), she will buy C using her own funds or on margin E Need to know more about Mrs. R’s preferences and to know the standard deviation of A and C to be able to describe Mrs. R’s portfolio strategy. 14
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 14. Consider the following W, X, Y, Z portfolios, formed from N risky assets. Which one of these 4 portfolios (if any) cannot lie on the efficient frontier for the N assets given what you know about the 4 portfolios? A portfolio W with expected return 15%, standard deviation 36% B portfolio X with expected return 12%, standard deviation 15% C portfolio Z with expected return 5%, standard deviation 7% D portfolio Y with expected return 9%, standard deviation 21% E all the portfolios above can possibly lie on the efficient frontier 15
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 15. Stocks A, B, and C have the same expected returns and standard deviations. The following table shows the correlations between the returns on these stocks: Stock A Stock B Stock C Stock A 1.0 Stock B 0.9 1.0 Stock C 0.1 -0.4 1.0 Given these correlations, which of the following portfolios have the lowest standard deviation? A Equally invested in stocks A and B B Equally invested in stocks A and C C Equally invested in stocks B and C D Totally invested in stock C E All of the above have same total risk 16
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm Answers 1. ________ Name:__________________________________ 2. ________ Student ID: _________________________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________ 11. ________ 12. ________ 13. ________ 14. ________ 15. ________ 17
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm Foundations of Finance Practice Midterm Exam Solution 1. Tom borrows $10000 from the bank at a 6% APR with monthly compounding and agrees to make monthly payments at the end of each month for the next 5 years. What will be his monthly repayment? A $196 B $2,374 C $619 D $143 E $193 E. Definition of nominal rate or APR: ] _ 8 a 8 APR with m compound periods in 1year # compound periods in 1 year effective rate for 1 compound period APR = 6% compounded monthly m = 12 effective monthly rate = 0.06/12 = 0.005 annuity with monthly payments | r = effective monthly rate = 0.005 N = 60 0 1 2 59 60 .))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... ))2))))))))))))- V 0 C C C C = 10000 | C = 193 18
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 2. Your local S&L provides you with the following information concerning a possible 1-year single repayment loan. You pay 2 “points” (1 point = 1%) up front of the amount borrowed, and the effective interest rate you are charged is 10%. If you borrow $4,000 for one year on these terms, at what effective rate are you actually borrowing. A 10.59% B 11.04% C 11.20% D 12.24% E 12.48% D. Proceeds received today = 4000 × (1 - 0.02) = 3920. Payment in 1 year = 4000 × (1 + 0.1) = 4400. 0 1 .))))))))))))))))))))))- 3920 4400 effective annual rate = EAR = r Use Future Value Interest formula: 3920 × (1 + r) = 4400 | r = 0.1224. 19
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 3. The company Mr. Z works for will deposit $600 at the end of each month into his retirement fund. Interest is compounded monthly. Mr. Z plans to retire 15 years from now and estimates that he will need $2,000 per month out of the account for the next 20 years (after retirement) each payment to be received at the end of each month. If the account pays 8.0% APR compounded monthly, how much does Mr. Z need to put into the account in addition to his company deposit in order to meet his objective? A $0.00 B $57.59 C $90.99 D $95.88 E $104.49 C. Definition of nominal rate or APR: ] _ 8 a 8 APR with m compound periods in 1year # compound periods in 1 year effective rate for 1 compound period APR = 8% compounded monthly m = 12 effective monthly rate = 0.08/12 annuity with monthly payments | r = effective monthly rate = 0.08/12 0 1 2 179 180 181 419 420 N = 240 .))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... )))2))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... ))2))))))))))))- 2000 2000 2000 V 180 V 180 = C × = 2000 × = 239108.58. annuity with monthly payments | r = effective monthly rate = 0.08/12 0 1 2 179 180 181 419 420 N = 180 .))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... )))2))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... ))2))))))))))))- C C C C V 180 = 239108.58 V 180 = 239108.58 = C × = C × | C = 690.99 and Mr. Z must pay 690.99 – 600 = 90.99 more. 20
Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 4. If you deposit $2,500 at the end of each six months into an account which offers an APR of 5.5% interest compounded quarterly, how much will be in the account in 5 years? A $13,953 B $16,931 C $26,605 D $28,357 E $32,188 D. Definition of nominal rate or APR: ] _ 8 a 8 APR with m compound periods in 1year # compound periods in 1 year effective rate for 1 compound period APR = 5.5% compounded quarterly m = 4 effective quarterly rate = 5.5%/4 = 1.375% Discrete Compounding n-period Interest Rate r n = (1+r) n - 1 n = 2 effective semiannual rate = (1 + 0.01375) 2 – 1 = 0.0277 annuity with semi-annual payments | r = effective semi-annual rate = 0.0277 0 1 2 9 10 N = 10 .))))))))))))2))))))))))))2) ... ))2))))))))))))- 2500 2500 2500 2500 V 10 = ? V 10 = C × = 2500 × = 28357 21
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 5. When you were born, your dear old Aunt Minnie promised to deposit $1,000 into a savings account, bearing a 5% effective annual rate, on each birthday, beginning with your first. You have just turned 22 and want the dough. However, it turns out that dear old (forgetful) aunt Minnie made no deposits on your fifth and eleventh birthdays. How much is in the account right now? A $31,976 B $34,503 C $43,888 D $47,983 E $51,889 B. annuity with annual payments | r = effective annual rate = 0.05 N = 22 0 1 2 4 5 6 10 11 12 21 22 .)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... ))2)))))))))))- 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 V 22 = ? V 22 = C × = 1000 × = 38505. 0 1 2 4 5 6 10 11 12 21 22 .)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... ))2)))))))))))- 1000 V 22 =1000 × 1.05 17 n=17 0 1 2 4 5 6 10 11 12 21 22 .)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... )))2)))))))))))2)))))))))))2) ... ))2)))))))))))- 1000 V 22 =1000 × 1.05 11 n = 11 Account Balance on 22 nd Birthday = 38505 – 1000 × 1.05 17 – 1000 × 1.05 11 = 34503 22
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 6. The order book for PQR stock is given by the following table: PQR Price Limit Buy Limit Sell 100.80 100 sh 100.75 100 sh 100.70 100.65 100sh 100.60 100 sh 100.55 100 sh A market buy order or a market sell order, each for 100 shares, may come in. Then, A a market buy will be executed at 100.80 and a market sell at 100.55 B a market buy will be executed at 100.55 and a market sell at 100.80 C a market buy will be executed at 100.75 and a market sell at 100.65 D a market buy will be executed at 100.65 and a market sell at 100.75 E a market buy will be executed at 100.70 and a market sell at 100.70 C. A market buy for 100 shares will be executed at 100.75 , the lowest limit sell. A market sell for 100 shares will be executed at 100.65, the highest limit buy. 23
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 7. Exactly one year ago XYZ stock had just run up from $12 per share to $25 per share. Then, (one year ago) with a net worth of $20,000, you bought $40,000 worth of XYZ stock on margin at $25 per share. The rate at which your broker would lend to you was 8.5% (EAR). XYZ did not pay any dividends over the last year. The stock is presently trading at $27 per share. Commissions are $0.50 per share (each way, i.e., when buying and when selling a share), but paid when you close the position. If you close out your position today, what is your total profit or loss on the entire transaction? A Profit of $1500 B Profit of $1400 C Profit of $ 43,200 D Loss of $100 E Loss of $1600 D. Price run-up prior to purchase is irrelevant. R f = 8.5% w XYZ,p = 40000/20000 = 2 w f,p = 1 - w XYZ,p = -1 R p (last year) = w XYZ,p × R XYZ (last year) + w f,p × R f = 2 × 4% + -1 × 8.5% = -0.5%. Total Profit = 20000 × -0.005 = -100. 24
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 8. What is the expected return on a two asset portfolio of assets A and B, where you borrow 50% of the portfolio’s value by selling short B, which has an expected return of 6%, and you use the proceeds from the short plus all the portfolio’s value to buy A, which has an expected return of 10%? A 8% B 18% C 120% D 12% E None of the above D. E[R p ] = w A,p × E[R A ] + w B,p × E[R B ] = 1.5 × 10% + (-0.5) × 6% = 12% 25
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 9. Which of the following statements about short selling a risk-free security is true: A It is impossible to short sell risk-free securities B Even combined with other securities, the short sale makes no sense C This transaction is in principle equivalent to borrowing money D This transaction is in principle equivalent to lending money E There are not any margin requirements associated with shorting a risk-free security. C. It is possible to short sell risk-free securities so A is false. Short selling the riskless asset can make sense for an investor whose risk aversion is sufficiently low, so B is false. There are margin requirements associated with shorting a risk-free security so E is false. Short selling the riskless asset is in principle equivalent to borrowing money, so D is false and C is true. 26
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 10. Mr. X, who has mean-variance preferences, considers the following two funds: Sure-thing fund: Expected Return = 16%, Standard Deviation of Return = 15% Sure-bet fund: Expected Return = 12%, Standard Deviation of Return = 8% The correlation between the funds’ returns is 0.7, and T-bill rate is 8%. Mr. X forms portfolio Y using the two funds, and then combines Y with T-bills. The weights of the two funds in the portfolio Y are 43.56% in Sure-thing fund and 56.44% in Sure-bet fund. The standard deviation of portfolio Y’s return is: A 11.50% B 11.16% C 10.69% D 10.43% E 10.22% E. One formula for the variance of return on a portfolio containing 2 risky assets: where σ 2 [R i ] is the variance of return on asset I; σ[R 1 , R 2 ] is covariance of risky asset 1’s return and risky asset 2’s return; 1 = ST 2 = SB . = 0.4356 2 × 15 2 + 0.5644 2 × 8 2 + 2 × 0.4356 × 0.5644 × 0.7 × 15 × 8 = 104.383. σ[R Y ] = = 10.2168. 27
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 11. Suppose Kim and Susan care only about the mean and standard deviation of their portfolio return. Kim is less risk averse than Susan. They agree on the opportunity set available. Suppose that Susan’s total portfolio is the tangency portfolio. Which of these portfolios (if any) is Kim’s total portfolio? A The riskfree asset B The tangency portfolio C Buy the tangency portfolio on margin D A portfolio with positive weights in the riskfree asset and the tangency portfolio E None of the above C. Kim and Susan care only about expected portfolio return and standard deviation of portfolio return and so both hold portfolios which are combinations of the tangency portfolio and the riskless asset, because that gives them access to the steepest sloped Capital Allocation Line possible. Kim is less risk averse than Susan so Kim must hold more of the tangency portfolio in her total portfolio than Susan does. Since Susan's portfolio is the tangency portfolio T, Kim must be buying the tangency portfolio T on margin. 28
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 12. Mrs. R is using a model of returns for next year with three possible states at the end of the year, Boom Recovery and Recession. Recovery is the most likely state with a 60% chance of occurring. Boom had a 10% of occurring and Recession has a 30% chance. The model indicates the following 1-year returns on assets A, B and C: State A B C Boom 30% 90% 42% Recovery 10% 5% 8% Recession -20% -30% -10% Last year, A’s return was 30% and B’s return was 90%. The current 1-year riskless rate is 5%. The expected returns on A and B satisfy: A A is expected to have a higher return than B B B is expected to have a higher return than A C A and B are expected to have returns above 5% D A and B are expected to have the same return E Both B and C D. E[R Asset ] = Expected Return on the Asset = prob(s1) x R Asset (s1) + prob(s2) x R Asset (s2) + ... + prob(sK) x R Asset (sK) where R Asset (s) is the return on the Asset in state s; and prob(s) is the probability of state s. E[R A ] = 0.1 × 30% + 0.6 × 10% + 0.3 × -20% = 3% E[R B ] = 0.1 × 90% + 0.6 × 5% + 0.3 × -30% = 3% 29
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 13. Ms. V is using a probability model of annual returns for the next year that implies an expected annual return on stock A of 2% and an expected annual return on stock C of 7%. The 1-year riskless rate available today is 4%. Ms. V is risk averse and realizes that she has mean-variance preferences. She also has an investment horizon of one year and wants to construct a portfolio from either (i) a 1-year riskless asset and stock A only, or (ii) a 1-year riskless asset and stock C only. Ms. V has already told you that she will not be 100% in the 1- year riskless asset irrespective of whether she combines the 1-year riskless asset with stock A only or with stock C only. A For (i), she will short A; for (ii), she will short C B For (i), she will buy A using her own funds or on margin; for (ii), she will short C C For (i), she will short A; for (ii), she will buy C using her own funds or on margin D For (i), she will buy A using her own funds or on margin; for (ii), she will buy C using her own funds or on margin E Need to know more about Mrs. R’s preferences and to know the standard deviation of A and C to be able to describe Mrs. R’s portfolio strategy. C. R f = 4%. E[R A ] = 2% E[R C ] = 7%. Regardless of her degree of risk aversion: Mrs. R wants to choose a portfolio that lies on the positive-sloped portion of the portfolio possibility curve. E[R A ] < R f : Mrs R will short sell A in case (i). E[R C ] > R f : Mrs R will buy C using own funds or buy C on margin in case (ii) 30
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 14. Consider the following W, X, Y, Z portfolios, formed from N risky assets. Which one of these 4 portfolios (if any) cannot lie on the efficient frontier for the N assets given what you know about the 4 portfolios? A portfolio W with expected return 15%, standard deviation 36% B portfolio X with expected return 12%, standard deviation 15% C portfolio Z with expected return 5%, standard deviation 7% D portfolio Y with expected return 9%, standard deviation 21% E all the portfolios above can possibly lie on the efficient frontier D. Efficient frontier for N risky assets is a positive-sloped concave curve in {E[R], σ[R]} space. Portfolio Y has a lower expected return and a higher standard deviation of return than portfolio X and so can not lie on the efficient frontier 31
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Foundations of Finance Practice 1 st Midterm 15. Stocks A, B, and C have the same expected returns and standard deviations. The following table shows the correlations between the returns on these stocks: Stock A Stock B Stock C Stock A 1.0 Stock B 0.9 1.0 Stock C 0.1 -0.4 1.0 Given these correlations, which of the following portfolios have the lowest standard deviation? A Equally invested in stocks A and B B Equally invested in stocks A and C C Equally invested in stocks B and C D Totally invested in stock C E All of the above have same total risk C. Can use the following formula for equal-weighted portfolios with all assets having the same standard deviation and set N = 2: It follows that the equally weighted portfolio of the two stocks with the lowest correlation, B and C, has the lowest standard deviation. 32
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Additional Practice Questions 1. Security A has a higher equilibrium price volatility than security B. Assuming all else is equal, the equilibrium bid-ask spread of A would be expected to be: a Greater than B B Less than B C Equal to B D It is impossible to tell E Depends on the time of day 2. Security A has a higher trading volume than security B. Assuming all else is equal, the equilibrium bid-ask spread of A would be expected to be: A Greater than B B Less than B C Equal to B D It is impossible to tell E Depends on the time of day 3. A riskfree security pays a dividend of $200 after one year, $400 after two years, $800 after three years, and thereafter it never pays dividends again. The riskfree interest rate is an effective annual rate of 3%. What is the current price of the security: A 1203.3 B 1303.3 C 1345.2 D 1400.0 E 1342.4 4. Which of the following is not possible when two assets A and B are positively correlated: A Asset A's mean return is negative while asset B's is positive B Asset A's return is sometimes below its mean when asset B's is above its mean C Asset A's mean return is negative while asset B's mean return is also negative D Asset A has a higher mean return but a lower standard deviation of return than asset B E All are possible 33
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5. A security can be in one of four states next year: ! a good state with a return of 35% (this happens with probability = 0.30); ! a normal state with a return of 15% (this happens with probability = 0.50); and ! a bad state with a return of 0% (this happens with probability = 0.15). ! a disaster state with a return of -50% (this happens with probability = 0.05). What are, respectively, the mean rate of return and the standard deviation of the rate of return? A E[R] = 17.5% ; σ[R] = 16% B E[R] = 15.5%; σ[R] = 19% C E[R] = 15.5%; σ[R] = 16% D E[R] = 17.5%; σ[R] = 15% E E[R] = 15.5%; σ[R] = 3.4% 6. What is the effective annual rate corresponding to an APR of 40% with weekly compounding? A 34.23% B 52.12% C 42.88% D 48.95% E 40.00% 7. If a Treasury bill pays 5%, which of the following would definitely not be chosen by a risk averse investor as her total portfolio: A An asset paying 10%, with probability 0.6 or 2% with probability 0.4 B An asset paying 10% with probability 0.4 or 2% with probability 0.6 C An asset paying 10% with probability 0.2 or 3.75% with probability 0.8 D An asset paying 10% with probability 0.3 or 3.75% with probability 0.7 E Any of these could be chosen 34
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8. Assume σ[R 1 ] = 10% and σ[R 2 ] = 30%. Under what circumstances will a portfolio allocation of 25% in asset 1 and 75% in asset 2 produce a σ[R] for the combined portfolio equal to 25% A ρ[R 1 , R 2 ] = 0 B ρ[R 1 , R 2 ] = 1 C ρ[R 1 , R 2 ] = -1 D ρ[R 1 , R 2 ] = 0.5 E None of the above. 9. Assume the variance of IBM is 0.16 and the variance of Microsoft is 0.25. If the variance of an equally weighted portfolio of these stocks is 0.0525, then the covariance between these stock is: A 0.10 B 0.20 C 0.25 D -0.18 E -0.10 10. Which of the following best explains a decline in a dealer's inventory: A bid price and asked price are too high B bid price is too high and asked price is too low C bid price is too low and asked price is too high D bid price and asked price are too low E the decline has nothing to do with the bid and asked prices 35
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Answers to Additional Practice Questions 1. A. Higher equilibrium price volatility Y Higher volatility of a given non-zero inventory position Y Higher spread. 2. B. Higher volume Y Can unwind a given non-zero inventory position quicker Y Lower spread. 3. B. The current price is equal to the value today of the stream of dividends: $200 in 1 year, $400 in 2 years and $800 in three years. Since the dividends are riskless, the appropriate interest rate is the riskfree interest rate, which is 3% per annum when expressed as an effective annual rate. So the calculation is: 4. E. Assets A and B positively correlated implies that when one asset’s return is above (below) its expected value then the other asset’s return is also above (below) its expected value on average. So none of the first 4 answers are ruled out just because asset A and B are positively correlated. Positive correlation says nothing about the expected returns or standard deviations of returns on the two assets. This is why A, C, and D are possible. B is possible because a positive correlation does not mean that the deviations of the two returns from their respective expected values are always the same sign. Rather, a positive correlation only means that the deviations of the two returns from their respective expected values tend to have the same sign. 5. B. Use the following formulas from page 3 of Lecture 3: Portfolio Management-Characterizing the Return Distribution . E[R Asset ] = Expected Return on the Asset = prob(s1) x R Asset (s1) +prob(s2) x R Asset (s2) + ... + prob(sK) x Rasset (sK) = 0.30 x 35% + 0.50 x 15% + 0.15 x 0% + 0.05 x -50% = 15.5% 36
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σ 2 [R Asset ] = Variance of Return on the Asset = prob(s1) {R Asset (s1)-E[R Asset ]} 2 + prob(s2) {R Asset (s2)-E[R Asset ]} 2 + ... + prob(sK) {R Asset (sK)-E[R Asset ]} 2 = 0.30 (35% - 15.5%) 2 + 0.50 (15% - 15.5%) 2 + 0.15 (0% - 15.5%) 2 + 0.05 (-50% - 15.5%) 2 = 364.75 and σ[R Asset ] = Standard Deviation of Return on the Asset = = = 19. 6. D. APR with weekly compounding = 40%. So m = 52. Thus: 7. C. Need to calculate the expected return on each portfolio. Any risk averse investor will prefer to hold the riskless asset (Treasury bills) as her total portfolio rather than a risky asset with an expected return the same or lower than the riskfree rate. A: E[R A ] = 0.6 x 10% + 0.4 x 2% = 6.8% > R f = 5% B: E[R B ] = 0.4 x 10% + 0.6 x 2% = 5.2% > R f = 5% C: E[R C ] = 0.2 x 10% + 0.8 x 3.75% = 5.0 = R f = 5% D: E[R D ] = 0.3 x 10% + 0.7 x 3.75% = 5.625 > R f =5% So since E[R C ] = 5% = R f , know than C would definitely not be chosen by any risk averse investor as her total portfolio because any risk averse investor would prefer to hold T-bills as her total portfolio. 8. B. Use the formula for the variance of a portfolio of 2 risky assets 1 and 2 on page 9 of Lecture 4: 37
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Portfolio Management-2 Risky Assets and a Riskless Asset . 25x25 = (0.25x.25) x (10x10) + (0.75x0.75) x (30x30) + 2 x 0.25 x 0.75 x ρ[R 1 ,R 2 ] x 10 x 30 which implies ρ[R 1 ,R 2 ] = 1. 9. E. Use the formula for the variance of a portfolio of 2 risky assets 1 and 2 on page 3 of Lecture 4: Portfolio Management-2 Risky Assets and a Riskless Asset . 0.0525 = (0.5 x 0.5) x 0.16 + (0.5 x 0.5) x 0.25 + 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 x σ[R IBM , R Msft ] which implies σ[R IBM , R Msft ] = -0.1. 10. D. Inventory low Y Lots of buying and little selling by counterparties Y Asked and bid prices are too low. 38
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