Written Assignment - UNIT 04

docx

School

University of the People *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2203

Subject

Finance

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

5

Uploaded by AgentMorning11765

Report
Written Assignment – Principles of Finance 01 – Unit 04 Prof. Dimarco University of the People
Q: A bank balance sheet is different from that of a typical company. Explain the differences. Figure 1: The Balance Sheet of XY Bank Ans: In a typical company, loans are usually not a significant portion of assets (Franklin, et al., 2019). Companies usually have receivables from customers, and they are not under the assets category because the receivables are often trade receivables resulting from the sale of goods or services in credit (Franklin, et al., 2019). For a bank, loans are a primary source of revenue (wright, et al., 2009). This category includes various types of loans, such as mortgages, personal loans, and business loans. As shown in Figure 1, Loans are under the asset category in a Bank’s Balance Sheet, unlike a typical Company’s Balance Sheet. Companies usually have
liabilities in the form of accounts payable, accrued expenses, and debt (Franklin, et al., 2019). Liabilities for companies often involve obligations related to operational activities and financing through bonds or loans. While, deposits are a fundamental liability for banks (wright, et al., 2009). Various types of deposits, such as savings accounts, checking accounts, and fixed-term deposits, represent funds that customers have entrusted to the bank and banks use these deposits to fund their lending activities (wright, et al., 2009). Equity in a company represents the residual interest of the owners after deducting liabilities from assets (Franklin, et al., 2009). It includes common stock, retained earnings, and additional paid-in capital (Franklin, et al., 2009). The value of equity reflects the ownership stake of shareholders. In a bank, shareholder's equity represents the ownership interest held by the shareholders or investors in the bank (Wright et al., 2009). Q: Looking on the percentages, comment on the Assets and Liabilities of the above Balance sheet. Why do bank managers prefer Loans over Securities? Why is cash only 4%? Ans: The low percentage of cash indicates that the bank is not holding a substantial portion of its assets in liquid form. Banks generally aim to optimize the use of cash, as holding excessive amounts can be inefficient (Wright, et al., 2009). Cash earns little to no interest, and banks prefer to deploy funds in income-generating assets like loans (Wright, et al., 2009). As per the Figure 1, securities represent a significant but not dominant portion of the bank's assets. These typically include government and corporate bonds. While securities offer a level of liquidity and safety, they may provide lower returns compared to loans (Wright, et al., 2009). The 20% allocation suggests a balanced approach to risk and return. Loans form the majority of the bank's assets, constituting 60% of the total. This allocation reflects a primary focus on lending activities. Banks generate substantial income through interest on loans, making it a key
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
driver of profitability (Wright, et al. 2009). Loans also allow banks to leverage their capital to multiply their impact on the financial system. The remaining 20% allocated to other assets may include various items such as commodity assets, reserves, and miscellaneous holdings. Deposits represent the primary source of funding for the bank. With 61% allocated to deposits, it suggests that the bank relies heavily on customer funds for lending activities (Wright, et al., 2009). Customer deposits are generally considered a stable and low-cost source of funding (Greenlaw, et al., 2017). Borrowings make up 28% of the liabilities, indicating that the bank also utilizes external sources of funding from other banks (usually Central Bank). This may also include interbank borrowing or issuing bonds. While slightly more expensive than deposits, borrowings offer flexibility and allow banks to manage liquidity efficiently (Greenlaw, et al., 2017). Shareholders' equity, at 12%, represents the owners' stake in the bank and this component serves as a buffer against losses and contributes to meeting regulatory capital requirements (wright, et al., 2009). Loans generally offer a higher yield compared to securities (Wright, et al., 2009). When banks extend loans to businesses and individuals, they earn interest income, a primary revenue source. For example, a mortgage loan with a 4% interest rate can contribute more to the bank's income than a government bond yielding 2%. This higher yield potential enhances profitability. Loans provide banks with the ability to customize terms, structures, and interest rates based on individual borrower profiles. This flexibility allows banks to adapt to changing market conditions and meet the specific needs of borrowers. In contrast, securities may have fixed interest rates and terms, offering less adaptability.
References: 1. Wright, Richard, E., Wright, Robert, E., & Quadrini, V. 2009. Money and Banking. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_money-and-banking-v2.0/index.html 2. Greenlaw, S.A, & Saphiro, D. 2017. Principles of Microeconomics 2e. https://openstax.org/books/principles-microeconomics-2e/pages/1-introduction 3. Greenlaw, S.A, & Saphiro, D. 2017. Principles of Macroeconomics 2e. https://openstax.org/books/principles-macroeconomics-2e/pages/1-introduction 4. Franklin, M. Graybeal, P. & Cooper, D. 2019. Principles of Accounting, Volume 1: Financial Accounting. https://openstax.org/books/principles-financial- accounting/pages/1-why-it-matters